Line 3284-88 - Commentary Note (CN)
Commentary notes (CN):
1. SMALL CAPS Indicate editions. Notes for each commentator are divided into three parts:
In the 1st two lines of a record, when the name of the source text (the siglum) is printed in SMALL CAPS, the comment comes from an EDITION; when it is in normal font, it is derived from a book, article, ms. record or other source. We occasionally use small caps for ms. sources and for works related to editions. See bibliographies for complete information (in process).
2. How comments are related to predecessors' comments. In the second line of a record, a label "without attribution" indicates that a prior writer made the same or a similar point; such similarities do not usually indicate plagiarism because many writers do not, as a practice, indicate the sources of their glosses. We provide the designation ("standard") to indicate a gloss in common use. We use ≈ for "equivalent to" and = for "exactly alike."
3. Original comment. When the second line is blank after the writer's siglum, we are signaling that we have not seen that writer's gloss prior to that date. We welcome correction on this point.
4. Words from the play under discussion (lemmata). In the third line or lines of a record, the lemmata after the TLN (Through Line Number] are from Q2. When the difference between Q2 and the authors' lemma(ta) is significant, we include the writer's lemma(ta). When the gloss is for a whole line or lines, only the line number(s) appear. Through Line Numbers are numbers straight through a play and include stage directions. Most modern editions still use the system of starting line numbers afresh for every scene and do not assign line numbers to stage directions.
5. Bibliographic information. In the third line of the record, where we record the gloss, we provide concise bibliographic information, expanded in the bibliographies, several of which are in process.
6. References to other lines or other works. For a writer's reference to a passage elsewhere in Ham. we provide, in brackets, Through Line Numbers (TLN) from the Norton F1 (used by permission); we call these xref, i.e., cross references. We call references to Shakespearean plays other than Ham. “parallels” (//) and indicate Riverside act, scene and line number as well as TLN. We call references to non-Shakespearean works “analogues.”
7. Further information: See the Introduction for explanations of other abbreviations.
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Notes for lines 2951-end ed. Hardin A. Aasand
3285 {Clow. } A pickax and a spade a spade, {Song.} | 5.1.94 |
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3286 for and a shrowding sheet, | 5.1.95 |
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3287 O a pit of Clay for to be made | 5.1.96 |
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3288 for such a guest is meet. | 5.1.97 |
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1728- Walpole
Walpole
3284-8 Walpole (ms. notes in Pope, ed. 1728): “This stanza is from an anonymous poem at the end of the Earl of Surrey’s p. 155. written by Lord Vaux.”
1773 v1773
v1773
3284-8 A . . . meet] Steevens (ed. 1773) : ‘A pick-axe and a spade And eke a shrowding sheet;A house of clay for to be made, For such a guest most meet.’ STEEVENS”
1778 v1778
v1778 = v1773
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1785 v1785
v1785= v1778
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1787 ann
ann = v1785
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1793 v1793
v1793 = mal
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1803 v1803
v1803 = v1793
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1813 v1813
v1813 = v1803
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1819 cald1
cald1 = v1813 without attribution
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1821 v1821
v1821 = v1813
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1826 sing1
sing1 : see n. 3252-5
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1832 cald2
cald2 = cald1
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1844 Dyce1
Dyce1
3286 for and] Dyce (1844, pp. 218-9) : <p.218>“The break after ‘For,’ inserted by all the modern editors, is quite wrong. ‘For and’ in the present version of the stanza, answers to ‘And eke’ in that given by Percy (Rel. of A.E.P. vol. I. 192, ed. 1812); ‘And eke a shrowding shete.’ Compare the following passages (to which many others might be added); ‘Syr Gy, Syr Gawn, Syr Cayus, for and Syr Oluere.’ Skelton’s Sec. Poem Against Garnesche,—Works, I. 119, ed. Dyce. </p. 218> <p.219>‘Your squire doth come, and with him comes the lady, For and the Squire of Damsels, as I take it.’ Beaumont and Fletcher’s Knight of the Burning Pestle, act 11.sc.3. (a passage with which the modern editors made sad work.) ‘A hippocrene, a tweak, for an a fucus.’ Middleton’s Fair Quarrel, act v.sc.1.”</p. 219>
1847 verp
verp=
3286 for and]
Verplanck (ed. 1847, p. 47): <p. 47>"The old phrase for ’And also.’"</p. 47>
1853 Dyce2
Dyce2
3286 for and] Dyce (1853, pp. 143-4) : <p. 143>“In my Remarks on Collier’s and Knight’s eds. of Shakespeare, p. 218, I adduced several passages to prove that </p. 143> <p. 144> the modern editors were wrong in putting a break after ‘For.’ I subjoin another; ‘The boyle was vp, we had good lucke, In frost for and in snow.’ Canting Song in Dekker’s English Villanies, &c. sig. o 2, ed. 1632.” </p. 144>
1854 del2
del2 : standard
3286 for and] Delius (ed. 1854) : “ for and , ein veralteter Ausdruck, der hin und wieder sich auch noch bei Sh.’s Zeitgenossen findet, = ferner, und auch.” [“for and , an obsolete expression, which one finds here and there also in Shakespeare’s time. It equals further, or in addition to” ]
3287 for to] Delius (ed. 1854): “for to = um zu, vor Infinitiven, kam schon vor.” [“for to [means] ‘in order to,’ before an infinitive, as it has already occurred.”]
1856 hud1 (1851-6)
hud1 = sing1 ; Dyce2
3284-8 A . . . meet] Hudson (ed. 1856) : “This is another stanza from the same ballad quoted in note 8 [see n. 3252-5]. ‘For and ,’ says Mr. Dyce, ‘in the present version of the stanza, answers to And eke in that given by Percy,’ So in Beaumont and Fletcher’s Knight of the Burning Pestle: ‘Your squire doth come, and with him comes the lady, for and the Squire of Damsels, as I take it.’ And in Middleton’s Fair Quarrel: ‘A hippocrene, a tweak, for and a fucus.’H”
1856b sing2
sing2 : see n. 3252-5 ; Dyce2
3284-8 A . . . meet] Singer (ed. 1856) : “For and , as Mr. Dyce has shown, is equivalent to, ‘And eke,’ as it stands in Percy’s Reliques.”
1857 dyce1
dyce1 : Dyce2
3284-8 A . . . meet] Dyce (ed 1857) : “[For and ] Is generally printed ‘For—and a,’ &c., —wrongly. See examples of ‘for and’ (i.e. and also) in my Remarks on Mr. Collier’s and Mr.Knight’s eds. of Shakespeare , p. 218.”
1859 stau
stau : Dyce1
3284-8 A . . . meet] Staunton (ed. 1859) : “‘For an,’ as Mr. Dyce has shown, answers here to ‘And eke,’ as the line reads in a version of this song published in Percy’s Relics of Ancient English Poetry,— ‘And eke a shrowding shete.’”
1860 mHal1
mHal1: Halliwell marks CLN 1934-37 as “repeated below—this clearly jumbled”. Q1 does repeat this song at 1942-45. Halliwell also notes that “A spade” in 1935 is “wrongly rep[eated]”.
1865 hal
hal : Fairholt
3284-5 A . . . spade] Halliwell (ed. 1865) : “‘These were among the familiar emblems of mortality used in grave-yards of the Poet’s era. The bone-house of the church of St. Olave, Hart St., London, was decorated with a curiously carved framework, executed in the early part of the seventeenth century; the engraving exhibits as much as will illustrate the line of the Sexton’s Song. The original has been destroyed in the course of ‘improvements’ made within the last five years,’ note by Mr. Fairholt.’”
HAL : DYCE1 + magenta underlined
3286 for and] Halliwell (ed. 1865) : “For and, equivalent, as Mr. Dyce has shown, to and eke. Mr. Dyce quotes a canting song in Decker’s English Villanies, ed. 1632,— ‘The boyle was vp, we had good lucke, In front for and in snow.’”
1866a dyce2
dyce2 = Dyce1 (Remarks)
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1868 c&mc
c&mc
3286 for and]
Clarke & Clarke (ed. 1868): “By reference to the version of this stanza, as quoted in Note 12 of the present Act, it will be seen that ‘For and’ is equivalent to ‘and eke.’ Several passages from old writers show that ‘for and’ was sometimes used in the snse of ‘and eke;’ ‘eke’ meaning ‘also,’ ‘likewise,’ ‘besides,’ ‘moreover.’ See Note 13, Act iii, [
MND].”
1869 tsch
tsch : Dyce (either his edition or tract)
3286 for and] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “for and scheint dem and eke bei Chaucer zu entsprechen und erscheint nach Dyce VII. 238 mehrfach in andern Dichtungen.” [“for and appears to agree with and eke in Chaucer appears often in other poets, according to Dyce VII. 238.”]
1872 cln1
cln1 ≈ Dycen1
3286 for and] Clark & Wright (ed. 1872): “For these words the copy of the ballad as printed in Percy’s Reliques has ‘And eke,’ which is equivalent in meaning. Modern editions print for the most part erroneously thus: ‘For—and.’ Dyce quotes among other instances, Beaumont and Fletcher’s Knight of the Burning Pestle, 2.3.?: ‘For and the squire of damsels, as I take it.’ ‘But and’ seems to mean both ‘besides’ and ‘except.’”
1872 hud2
hud2=hud1
3286 for and]
1877 v1877
v1877 : Chappell
3285 Song]
Chappell (
apud Furness, ed. 1877): “The traditions of the stage give the following tune of
The Children in the Wood as the air of the Grave-digger’s song in
Hamlet, ‘A pickaxe and a spade’; [musical chords provided]”
v1877 : Dyce1 (Remarks) + ; ≈ cln1 (only from “‘But and’ seems to mean both besides and except.”)
3286
for and]
Furness (ed. 1877): “In LETTSOM’s MS note in my copy of
Dyce’s
Remarks attention is called to the Scotch usage of
But and as equivalent to this ‘For and,’
e.g. ‘Or I will burn yoursel therein, Bot and zour babies three.’—
Edom o’ Gordon, Percy’s Ballads, I. 124. ‘He has broke three ribs in that ane’s side, But and his collar bane.’—
Johnnie of Bredislee, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, ii, 345, ed. 1825.”
3286 for and]
Clark & Wright (
apud Furness, ed. 1877): “‘But and’ seems to mean both
besides and
except.’”
3286 for to]
Furness (ed. 1877) : “See 3.1.167 [1824]”
v1877
3288
guest]
Lowell (
apud Furness, ed. 1877): “This Grave-diggers’ scene always impresses me as one of the most pathetic in the whole tragedy. That Sh. introduced such scenes and such characters with deliberate intention, and with a view t artistic relief anc ontrast, there can hardly be a doubt. We must ake it for granted that a man whose works show everywhere the results of judgement sometimes aced with forethought. I find the springs of the profoundest sorrow and pity in this hardened indifference of the Grave-diggers, in their careless discussion as to whether Ophelia’s death was by suicide or no, in their singing and jesting at their dreary work.
We know who is to be the guest of this earthen hospitality,—how much beauty, love, and heart-break are to be covered in that pit of clay. All we remember of Oph. reacts upon us with tenfold force, and we recoil from our amusement at the ghastly drolery of the two delvers with a shock of horror. That the unconscious Ham. should stumble on
this grave of all others, that it should be
here that he should pause to muse humourously on death and decay,—all this prepares us for the revulsion of passion in the next scene, and for the frantic confession: ‘I loved Ophelia; forty thousand brothers Could not with all
their quantity of love Make up my sum!’ And it is only here that such an asseveration would be true even to the feeling of the moment; for it is plain from all we know of Ham. that he could not so have loved Oph., that he was incapable of the self-abandonment of a true passion, that he would have analyzed this emotion as he does all others, would have peeped and botanized upon it till it became to him a mere matter of scientific interest. all this force of contrast, and this horrof of surprise, were necessary so to intensify his remorseful regret that he should believe himself for once in earnest. The speech of the King, ‘Oh, he is mad, Lartes,’ recalls him to himself, and he at once begins to rave.”
This is from Among my Books, p. 210
1881 hud3
hud3 ≈ hud2 (minus Middleton //)
3284-8 A . . . meet]
1890 irv2
irv2 : Dyce1 (via dyce2 ; only definition “for eke” and Knight of Burning Pestle //) ; v1877
3286 for and]
Symons (
in Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “See, for further instances,
Furness, Variorum Ed. vol I. p. 385.”
1899 ard1
ard1 ≈ v1877 (Dycen1 Remarks 1844; I suspect that Dowden got this note from
Furness, since he doesn’t seem to actually ever go back to the original source)
3286 for and] Dowden (ed. 1899): “and moreover; so Skeleton, Against Garnesche, ‘Syr Gawen, Syr Cayus, for an Syr Olyvere’ (ed. Dyce, 1.119); found also in Middleton and Beaumont and Fletcher.”
1931 parc
parc ≈ standard (Ard1?)
3266 for and] Craig (ed. 1951): “and moreover.”
1939 kit2
kit2
3266 for and] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “This means ‘and’; but and is often used in the same way.”
1951 crg2
crg2=crg1
3266 for and]
1957 pel1
pel1 : standard
3266 for and]
1970 pel2
pel2=pel1
3266 for and]
1980 pen2
pen2
3266 for and] Spencer (ed. 1980): “(an emphatic form) and.”
1982 ard2
ard2 ≈ standard + OED
3266 for and] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “Not the grave-digger’s vulgarism, but a regular ballad idiom. ((OED for conj. 5).”
1987 oxf4
oxf4 :Vaux’s 8th stanza.
3284-8 A . . . meet]
oxf4 : OED
3266 for and] Hibbard (ed. 1987): “and furthermore.”
2008 OED
OED ≈ standard
3266 for and]OED “and moreover.” Obs.
a1529 SKELTON Agst. Garnesche 22 Syr Gawen, Syr Cayus, for and Syr Olyuere. [etc.]
3284 3285 3286 3287 3288