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Line 2723 - Commentary Note (CN) More Information

Notes for lines 2023-2950 ed. Frank N. Clary
For explanation of sigla, such as jen, see the editions bib.
2723 And England, if my loue thou hold’st at ought,4.3.58
1733 theo1
theo1
2723-7 And . . . vs] Theobald (ed. 1733): “This is the only Passage in the Play, from which one might expect to trace the Date of the Action of it: but, I’m afraid, our Author, according to his usual License, plays fast and loose with Time. England is here suppos’d to have been conquer’d by the Danes, and to be a Homager to that State. The Chronology of the Danish Affairs is wholly uncertain, till we come to the Reign of Ivarus about the Year 870. And tis plain from Saxo Grammaticus, that the Time, in which Amlethus liv’d, was some Generations earlier than the period of Christianity. And the Letters, which the Danish King’s Messengers carried over to England, were wooden Tablets. Literas ligno insculptas (nàm id celebre quondàm genus Chartarum erat) secum gestantes, quibus. Britannorum regi transmissi sibi juvenis Occiso mandabatur. Such a Sort of Mandate implies, that the English King was either link’d in the dearest Amity to the Dane, or in Subjection to him. But what then shall we do with our own home Chronicles? They are express, that the Danes never set Footing on our Coast till the 8th Century. They infested us for some Time in a piratical Way, then made a Descent and conquer’d part of the Country: and about the Year 800, King Egbert is said to have submitted to a Tribute, call’d Dane-gelt: a Tax of 12d on every Hide of Land through the whole Nation. But our Authors differ about this Dane-gelt: whether it was a tax paid, to obtain good Terms of the Danes; or levied by our Kings towards the Charge of Defences, to repel the Invasions of the Danes.”
1754 Grey
Grey
2723-33 Grey (1754, p. 299-300+note): <p.299> “Hamlet eluded this strategem against his life, (c) <n. p.299> (c) “Proficiscuntur cum eo bini Fengonis Satellites, literas <n. /p.299> <n. p.300> ligno insculptas (nam id celebre quondam chartarum genus erat) secum gestantes, quibus Britannorum Regi transmissi sibi juvenis occisio mandabatur: quorum Amlethus quietum capientium loculos perscrutatus, literas deprehendit. Quarum perlectis mandatis, quicquid chartis illitum erat, curavit abradi, novisque figurarum apicibus substitutis, damnationem suam in comites suos, mutato mandati tenore convertit. Nec mortis sibi sententiam ademisse, et in alios periculum transflulisse contentus, preces hujusmodi falso Fengonis titulo subnotatas adjecit, ut Britanniæ prudentissimo ad se juveni misso filiam in matrimonium erogaret. Rex filiam ei in matrimonium dedit; cæterum comites ipsius ut amici mandatis satisfaceret, proxima die suspendio consumsit. Ibid. p. 62. </n. p.300>> and by a trick occasioned the King’s mes- <p.299><p.300> sengers to suffer in his stead. See act v. sc. iii, p. 252, 253.”
Reference is apparently to Saxo alone: second citation to Joannis Meursii is not given, as it is in other such citations. Grey provides Latin text in glosses: sometimes indicating that quotation is from “Saxonis Grammatici Histor. Danic.” and sometimes “Joannis Meursii Histor. Danic.” Order of citations is occasionally reversed when both are cited: this could mean that the first of the two is the source of the Latin excerpt . Check should be made to ascertain Grey’s procedure. At the head of the text: “The plot of this play is taken from Saxo Grammaticus. Vid. Historiæ Danicæ, lib, iii, p. 49 and Meursius. Vid. Hist. Danic. lib. i”
1854 del2
del2
2723 England] Delius (ed. 1854): “England ist auch hier der König Englands.” [England also here the King of England.]
1857 fieb
fieb
2723 hold’st at ought] Fiebig (ed. 1857): “To hold at aught, to hold in regard, to respect or value.”
1866- Wood
Wood
2723-7 And England . . . homage to vs] Wood (Hamlet. Questions and Notes, n.d., p. 31): “We have no means of definitely fixing the period of the action of the play, but the lines referred to point to some date in the eleventh century. England was under the sovereignty of the Northmen from 1017-1042, but continued to pay tribute to the Danes at least as late as 1069.”
1869 tsch
tsch
2723 England] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “England wie oben Norway, buried Denmark etc., die Person des Fürsten bezeichnend.” [England, as Norway above, buried Denmark etc., meaning the prince himself.]
tsch: xref.
2723 at aught] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “at aught, wie oben to set at a pin’s fee. 1.4.65. Eigenthümlich ist die Verwendung des to set mit dem Adverb. coldly 64.” [at aught as above, to set at a pin’s fee [1.4.65 (654)]. The use of to set with the adverb coldly (64) is unusual.]
1870 Abbott
Abbott
2723 At] Abbott (1870, §143): “The use of a mentioned in (§140 was becoming unintelligible and vulgar in Shakespeare’s time, and he generally uses at instead. The article is generally omitted in the following and similar adverbial forms.
“The at of price generally requires an adjective or article, as well as a noun, after it, except in ‘at all.’ We have, however, ‘If my love thou hold’st at aught,’ – Ham. [4.3.62 (2727)], i.e. ‘at a whit.’”
1872 cln1
cln1
2723 at ought] Clark and Wright (ed. 1872): “at aught] at any value. ‘At’ is commonly used to signify price.”
1875 Marshall
Marshall
2723-7 `And . . . vs] Marshall (1875, pp. 190-1): <p.190> “It may be remarked that in the speech of the King we have one of the very few allusions which would tend to fix the historical period of the play:—[quotes passage] </p.190><p.191> The first invasions of the Danes was in 783, the last in 1074; the first historical King of Denmark was Sigurd Snogoje, whose reign was from 794 to 803; his immediate predecessor was Ragnor Lodbrog, who was said to have been killed in an attempt to invade England in 794. the period of Hamlet’s existence in Saxo Grammaticus is placed about the second century before Christ; but the chronology of the kings of Denmark preserved, Hamlet must have existed, if he ever really did exist, before then; and as England could not have paid tribute to Denmark before 783, the number of years, arguing from the allusion in the text, within which Hamlet could have existed, is very limited. The fact is, that it is utterly impossible to ascertain the exact period of the events n this play, and therefore all the attempts that have been made from time to time to secure historical accuracy in the costumes are mere waste of ingenuity; any time during the ninth or tenth centuries might be taken, according to fancy; but the spirit of the principal character, and many trifling allusions that occur in the play, would even then strike us as anachronisms.” </p.191>
Compare THEO1.
1877 neil
neil
2723-6 England . . . Danish sword] Neil (ed. 1877): “We have here an indication of the time of the play. Through somewhat indefinitely, it throws back the date to a period prior to the Norman Conquest, when England was either under the sovereignty of the Northmen, as in the time of Canute, 1016-1034, or paid tribute to the Danish power, and therefore subsequent to the year of their first landing in 787.”
1878 rlf1
rlf1: Abbott
2723 hold’st at ought] Rolfe (ed. 1878): “Dost value at all. Abbott 143.”
1891 dtn
dtn
2723 if . . . ought] Deighton (ed. 1891): “if you in the least value my love.”
1903 rlf3
rlf3 = rlf1 minus Abbott for hold’st at ought
1939 kit2
kit2: xref.
2723 England] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “King of England. Cf. [2.2.59 (1084)].”
kit2
2723 at ought] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “at aught] at any value. We still use the negative ‘set at naught.’”
1957 pel1
pel1 = kit2 minus xref.
2723 England,] Farnham (ed. 1957): “King of England.”
1958 fol1
fol1
2723 hold’st at ought] Wright & LaMar (ed. 1958): “value at all.”
1974 evns1
evns1 = pel1
1980 pen2
pen2 ≈ evns1
2723 England] Spencer (ed. 1980): “(probably) King of England.”
1982 ard2
ard2 = pel1 + magenta underlined
2723 England] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “the King of England. Cf. [1.1.48 (61)] (Denmark), etc.”
1984 klein
klein: Clemens
2723-33 Klein (ed. 1984): “This second and last soliloquy of Claudius is, as opposed to the one in 3.3, preoccupied with concrete action. Now we learn of the murder plot. Like that of Hamlet in 1590-1645, the soliloquy here may count as belonging to Clemen’s type of ’planning soliloquy’, see Kommentar zu Shakespeare’s ’Richard III’ (Göttingen, 1957). The dramatist’s need of informing the audience is palpable (esp. in [4.3.63-5 (2728-30)]) but is to a large extent merged with Claudius’s passionate despair. The King had to control himself all through this scene and had to put up with Hamlet’s well nigh unbearable behaviour; now he can let himself go.”
1988 bev2
bev2 = evns1 for England
bev2
2723 at ought] Bevington (ed. 1988): “at any value.”
1993 dent
dent = bev2 + magenta underlined.
2723 at ought] Andrews (ed. 1993): “At any value. Compare [3.2.88, 168 (1940, 2037)].”
1997 evns2
evns2 = evns1
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2: 2717, 2730 xrefs
2723-33 Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “Although England must mean ’the King of England’, it is conceivable that the reiteration of England (56 [2717], 63 [2730]) might encourage the actor to speak these lines as a direct address to an English audience.”

ard3q2
2723 Hold’st at aught] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “consider to be of any value.”
2723