Notes for lines 2023-2950 ed. Frank N. Clary
| 2466 And there I see such blacke and {greeued} <grained> spots | 3.4.90 |
|---|
1755 Johnson Dict.
Johnson Dict.
2466 greeued ] Johnson (1755): [grained] “rough; made of less smooth.”
1765 john1/john2
john1
2466 greeued] Johnson (ed. 1765): “grained] Died in grain.”
1774 capn
capn
2466 greeued] Capell (1774, 1:1: glossary, grained): “furrow’d or shrivel’d: also,—of a strong Grain, knotted: also,—tinctur’d deep in Grain.”
1791- rann
rann = john1 + magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Rann (ed. 1791-): grained] “dyed in grain, of so deep a dye as not to be discharged.”
1793 v1793
v1793 = v1785, capn (Err. //) + TN // magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Steevens (ed. 1793): grained] “I am quite certain that the epithet—grained, is justly interpreted. Our author employs the same adjective in Err. [5.1.312 (1792)]: ‘Though now this grained face of mine be hid,’ &c. and in this instance the allusion is most certainly to the furrows in the grain of wood.
“Sh. might therefore design the Queen to say, that her spots of guilt were not merely superficial. but indented.—A passage, however, in TN [1.5.237 (528)], will sufficiently authorize Dr. Johnson’s explanation: ‘’Tis in grain, sir, ‘twill endure wind and weather.’ Steevens."
1821 v1821
v1821 = v1813 + xref.
2466-67 spots . . . tin’ct] Malone (apud Boswell, ed. 1821): “The words spot and tinct [3.4.91 (2467)] show decisively that Johnson’s interpretation is the true one. Malone.”
1826 SING1
sing1 = john1 + magenta undrlined
2466 greeued] Singer (ed. 1826): grained] “that is, dyed in grain, deeply imbued.”
1854 del2
del2
2466 greeued spots] Delius (ed. 1854): grained spots] “die Flecken sind so durch und durch gefärbt (grained), dass sie nicht herausgehen.” [The spots are so thoroughly stained (grained) that they cannot be cleansed.]
1856 hud1 (1851-6)
hud1 ≈ sing1
2466 greeued] Hudson (ed. 1851-6): “‘Grained spots’ are spots ingrained, or dyed in the grain. H.”
1857 fieb
fieb ≈ v1793 (Err., TN. //s in support of john1)
2466 greeued] Fiebig (ed. 1857): [grained]“Johnson explains grained, by died i.e. tinged or coloured in grain (a died or stained substance). But Steevens is not quite certain that the epithet—grained is justly interpreted. Our author employs the same adjective in the Err: [5.1.312 (1792)] ‘Though now this grained face of mine be hid,’ etc. and in this instance the allusion is most certainly to the furrows in the grain of wood, grain signifying the direction of the fibres of wood or other fibrous matter, and the form of the surface with regard to roughness and smoothness; thence grained, rough, made less smooth. Sh. might therefore design the Queen to say, that her spots of guilt were not merely superficial, but indented.—A passage, however, in TN [1.5.237 (528)], will sufficiently authorize Dr. Johnson’s explanation: ‘Tis in grain, sir, ‘twill endure wind and weather.’”
1857+ mstau
mstau: Spenser analogue
2466 greeued] Staunton (ms. note in Knight, ed. 1857): grained] “Perhaps black-engrained. i.e. spots dyed black in grain. See Spenser’s Shepheards Calendar, ‘February’ Glosse.”
1861 wh1
wh1: Marsh
2466 such . . . spots] White (ed. 1861): “‘Grained’ here means darkly stained. See the Hon. George P. Marsh’s ‘Lectures on the English Language,’ p. 66, for a masterly exposition of the etymology and history of the word ‘grain,’ as applied to color.”
1864a glo
glo
2466 greeued] Clark and Wright (ed. 1864a [1865] 9: glossary, Grained): “adj. engrained.”
1869 tsch
tsch: Diez, Mueller
2466 greeued] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “grained von granum, fr. grain, it. sp. pr. grana, pg. grãa, altfr. graine, ein Farbestoff, Scharlach oder Färbebeere, coccus ilicis, woraus Cochenille) die bekannte Schildlaus, die auf der Querus coccifera lebt und auch in Deutschland unter dem Namen Kermes k ö r n e r, Scharlach k ö r n e r, bekannt ist. Diez I. 223. Ed. Mueller I. 461.” [grained from granum, French grain, Italian, Spanish, Provençal; Portuguese grãa; Old French graine, a dye, scarlet or crimson, coccus illici (from which comes Cochenille), the well-known shield-louse that lives on the querus coccifera and is also known in Germany by the name church grains or scarlet grains. Diez I. 223. Ed. Mueller I. 461.]
1872 del4
del4 = del2 +
2466-7 greeued . . . tin’ct] Delius (ed. 1872): “Hamlet, ohne auf die Worte der Mutter zu achten, fährt fort, so dass sich also nay, but to live an seine unterbrochene Rede anschliesst.” [Without paying attention to his mother’s words, Hamlet continues so that nay, but to live is attached to his interrupted speech.]
1872 cln1
cln1 ≈ wh1 (for Marsh) + Cotgrave magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Clark and Wright (ed. 1872): “grained] dyed in grain . . . . Cotgrave has ‘Graine: .graine wherewith cloth is dyed in graine; scarlet dye, scarlet in graine.’ ‘Grain’ is the ovarium of the ‘coccus’ insect, which from its seed-like form was called ‘granum’ in Latin, in French ‘graine.’ (Marsh’s Lectures on the English Language, p. 67.) Originally the word meant a scarlet dye, but was afterwards applied to any colour which will not wash out.”
1877 v1877
v1877 = Marsh, cln1 (Cotgrave); ≈ v1793 (Err., TN. //s)
2466 greeued]
Furness (ed. 1877): grained] “
Marsh (
Lectures on the English Language, New York, 1859, p. 67, et seq.)
Granum, in Latin, signifies a seed or kernel, and it was early applied to all small objects resembling seeds, and finally to all minute particles. Hence it was applied to the round, seed-like form of the dried body, or rather ovarium, of an insect of the genus
coccus, which furnished a variety of red dyes.
Granum becomes
grana in Spanish,
graine, in French, and
grain in English, meaning a dye produced by the coccus insect, often called in commerce
kermes. The color obtained from kermes or grain was peculiarly durable. When, then a merchant recommended his purple stuffs as being dyed in grain, he originally meant that they were dyed with colors, as a mode of expressing the quality of durability. See
Err. [3.2.106 (897)]; and
TN [1.5.237 (528)]. In both these examples [as also in the present instance from Hamlet] it is the sense of permanence (a well-known quality of the purple produced by the
grain or
kermes) that is expressed. It is familiarly known that if wool be dyed before spinning, the color is usually more permanent than when the spun yard or manufactured cloth is first dipped in the tincture. When the original sense of grain grew less familiar, and it was used chiefly as expressive of
fastness of color, the name of the effect was transferred to an ordinary known cause, and
dyed in grain, originally meaning dyed with kermes, then dyed with fast color, came at last to signify dyed in
the wool or other raw material.
Clarendon: Cotgrave has ‘Graine: . . . graine wherewith cloth is dyed in graine; Scarlet dye, Scarlete in graine.’”
1877 neil
neil
2466 greeued] Neil (ed. 1877): “grained] engraved, fast-coloured, fixed.”
1878 rlf1
rlf1 ≈ cln1 (Marsh, Cotgrave)
2466 greeued] Rolfe (ed. 1878): grained] “Dyed in grain. Marsh (Lect. on Eng. Lang.) shows that grain originally meant the dye kermes, obtained from the coccus insect; but as this sense grew less familiar, and the word came to be used chiefly as expressive of fastness of colour, an idea which was associated with dyeing in the wool or other raw material, dyed in the grain got this latter meaning. Wr. quotes Cotgrave, Fr. Dict.: ‘Graine:...graine wherewith cloth is dyed in the graine; Scarlet dye, Scarlet in Graine.’”
1881 hud2
hud2 ≈ hud1
2466 greeued] Hudson (ed. 1881): grained] “That is, spots ingrained, or dyed in the grain.”
1883 wh2
wh2
2466 greeued spots] White (ed. 1883): “grained spots: dyed in the grain, so that they will not wash out.”
1884 Gould
Gould
2466 such blacke and greeued spots] Gould (1884, p. 62): “‘Such blacke and grained [ingrained] spots.’”
1885 macd
macd
2466 greeued spots] MacDonald (ed. 1885): “grained] —spots whose blackness has sunk into the grain, or final particles of the substance.”
1889 Barnett
Barnett ≈ v1793 (Err. //) + MND // magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Barnett (1889, p. 52): grained] “dyed in grain, and therefore fast or fixed. In MND [1.2.94-5 (355)], we have purple-in-grain, a colour obtained from the ovarium of insects found on the kermes oak. These looked like grains or seeds. From kermes we get crimson and carmine. Grain is from Lat. granum. Ingranum came finally to mean a fast or fixed colour. ‘No sir. ‘Tis in grain, Noah’s flood could not do it.’ i.e. wash it out. Err. [3.2.106 (897)].”
1890 irv2
irv2 ≈ hud2
2466 greeued] Symons (in Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “grained] dyed in grain.”
irv2 ≈ cln1 (Cotgrave) + magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Symons (in Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “grained] Cotgrave has: ‘Graine: f. The seed of herbs, &c., also, grain, wherewith cloth is dyed in graine, Scarlet dye, Scarlet in graine.’ Grain was originally used only of scarlet dye, but came afterwards to be applied to any fast colour. The word comes from the Latin granum, a seed, a term which was used of the seed-like form of the ovarium of the coccus insect, form which red dyes were obtained. In Spanish the word grana is used for grain in general, and also for scarlet grain, cochineal. Thus Isaiah i. 18 is in Valera’s version: ‘si vaestros pacados fueran como la grana,’ &c.”
1891 dtn
dtn ≈ v1877 (Marsh; Err, TN //s)
2466 greeued] Deighton (ed. 1891): “grained] dyed so deeply and permanently; ‘granum, in Latin, signifies a seed or kernel, and it was early applied to all small objects resembling seeds, and finally to all minute particles. Hence it was applied to the round, seed-like form of the dried body, or rather ovarium, of an insect of the genus coccus, which furnished a variety of red dyes . . . The colour obtained from kermes or grain was peculiarly durable . . . See Err. [3.2.106 (897)], “Ant. S. That’s a fault that water will mend. Dro. S. No, sir, ‘tis in grain; Noah’s flood could not do it”: TN [1.5.237 (528)], “‘Tis in grain, sir; ‘twill endure wind and weather.” ‘ . . . (Marsh, Lectures on the Eng. Lang.).”
1899 ard1
ard1 = irv2
2466 greeued] Dowden (ed. 1899): grained] “dyed in grain.”
1903 p&c
p&c ≈ rlf1 (Cotgrave)
2466 greeued] Porter & clarke (ed. 1903): “The dye from the coccus insect, called ‘grain’ from its likeness to a small seed or grain, and from the permanency of its color, implying inherence in the very fiber. ‘Graine wherewith cloth is dyed in graine: scarlet dye, scarlet in graine’ (Cotgrave).”
1903 rlf3
rlf3 ≈ rlf1 minus cln1 attribution for Cotgrave
1904 ver
ver: Browne analogue
2466 greeued] Verity (ed. 1904): grained] “deeply dyed; see G. Cf. Sir Thomas Browne’s Christian Morals, 1.9: ‘Persons lightly dipt not grained in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness, and faint hued in integrity. But be what thou virtuously art, and let not the ocean wash away the tincture.’”
1905 rltr
rltr
2466 greeued] Chambers (ed. 1905): “grained] deep-dyed.”
1906 nlsn
nlsn ≈ hud1 + magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Neilson (ed. 1906, glossary): “grained] ingrained; close-grained.”
1913 tut2
tut2: Milton analogue
2466 greeued] Goggin (ed. 1913): grained] “’dyed in grain,’ i.e. ‘dyed so that they cannot come out.’ Grain originally meant a scarlet or purple dye obtained from the coccus or cochineal insect, but came to be applied to the fastness or permanence of any colour. Milton uses the word in its original sense of colour (Paradise Lost, V. 284).”
1934 Wilson
Wilson
2466 greeued] Wilson (1934, rpt. 1963, 1:105): “the misprint ‘greeued’ for ‘grained’ at 2466 . . . amounts almost to proof that ‘greined’ was the form that Sh. wrote, a spelling very easily mistaken for ‘grieued’ and so printed ‘greeued.’”
1934 rid1
rid1 = nsln minus “close-grained”
2466 greeued] Ridley (ed. 1934): “grained] ingrained.”
1939 kit2
kit2 ≈ wh1 + magenta underlined
2466 greeued] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “grained] dyed in grain, i.e., in fast colours. Grain was a kind of scarlet dye-stuff (cochineal).”
1951 alex
alex: dtn (TN //), capn (Cor. //)
2466 greeued] Alexander (ed. 1951): “in grain, dyed in a colour that will not wash out, TN [1.5.237 (528)]; against the grain, contrary to inclination, Cor. [2.3.233 (1636)].”
1958 fol1
fol1 ≈ kit2
2466 greeued] Wright & LaMar (ed. 1958): grained] “fast dyed; ‘grain’ was a permanent red dye.”
1974 evns1
evns1 ≈ dtn minus Marsh
2466 greeued] Evans (ed. 1974): grained] “fast-dyed, indelible.”
1980 Smith
Smith
2466 blacke . . . tin’ct] Smith (1980, p. 203): Gertrude does not specify what she refers to when she speaks of these black spots on her soul: “it could be a newly aroused awareness of her adulterous and incestuous relationship, . . . her marriage to a man Hamlet so clearly despises, . . , or . . . merely her already lamented o’erhasty marriage [1081].”
1982 ard2
ard2 ≈ Marsh (Kermes dye source) without attribution
2466 greeued] Jenkins (ed. 1982): grained] “ingrained, indelibly dyed (originally in scarlet, grain being the dye of the insect kermes, which was mistaken for a seed).”
1984 chal
chal
2466 greeued] Wilkes (ed. 1984): grained] “dyed in the fibre.”
1988 bev2
bev2 ≈ evns1
2466 greeued] Bevington (ed. 1988): grained] “dyed in grain, indelible.”
1993 dent
dent: xref.
2466 greeued] Andrews (ed. 1993): “Both (a) grievous, and (b) lamentable. The Folio reads grained. Compare [3.2.337-339 (2207-9)].”
1998 OED
OED
2466 greeued] OED (Sept. 14, 1998) : grained] “grained (rend), ppl. a.1 [f. GRAIN v.1 + -ED1.] In senses of the vb. 1. Dyed in grain.
“c 1400 Beryn 3065 Beryn & these romeyns were com in good array as myt be made of woll & of colour greynyd. 1455 Sc. Acts Jas. II (1814) II. 43/2 All Erlis sall vse mantilles of brown granyt opyn befor. 1488-9 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 8 Wollen Cloth of the fynest making scarlet grayned. 1534 in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 203 To my brother Wm. Trotte my grayned gowne. 1577-87 HOLINSHED Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 2 The most costlie skarlets, pliant gloves and manie other grained and delicate clothes.
“fig. 1602 SHAKS. Ham. 3.4.90 Thou turn’st mine eyes into my very soule, And there I see such blacke and grained spots, As will not leaue their Tinct.”
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2: ≈ dent; TxC
2466 grieved] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “grieved; grievous. F’s ’grained’ (ingrained) is adopted by Jenkins, even though it repeats the idea that the stain is indelible. TxC specifically rejects grieved as a minim misreading of ’greined’.”
2466