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Line 543 - Commentary Note (CN) More Information

Notes for lines 0-1017 ed. Bernice W. Kliman
For explanation of sigla, such as jen, see the editions bib.
543 This aboue all, to thine owne selfe be true1.3.78
1612 Bacon
Bacon
543-4 Bacon (1612, L5), in “Wisedome for a Mans selfe” (16. L5-L6), “Diuide with reason between selfe loue, and society: and be so true to thy self, as thou be not false to others, It is a poore Centre of a mans actions, Himselfe”. . . . Ed. note: See Reed, 1902, and Srigley, 2000, below
1752 Dodd
Dodd: psalm
543-5 Dodd (1752, 1: 222): “As most probably, in the conclusion, where he speaks of being true to ones self, he had this fine verse in the 49th Psalm. ‘So long as thou dost well unto thyself, men will speak good of thee. v.18.” See [AWW], p. 1 and n.”
1780 Dodd
Dodd
543-5 Dodd (1780, 1: 2, AWW 1.1.65 [67], advice to Bertram): “See the advice of Polonius to his son in Hamlet [524-45]. . . . And in like manner AEneas exhorts his son . . . . ‘Do wrong to none; . . . keep thy friend Under thy own life’s key; be check’d for silence, But never tax’d for speech. What Heaven more will That thee may furnish, and my prayers pluck down, Fall on thy head.’”
1784 Davies
Davies
543-5 to. . . man] Davies (1784, 3:14): “This is a [sic] agreable to one of the golden rules of Pythagoras: ‘—[Greek] Sed maxime omnium verere teipsum.’”
1870 rug1
rug1
543-5 Moberly (ed. 1870): “As you inwardly resolve, so do: then faithfulness to others as well as yourself becomes the habit of your soul. So Wordsworth (v. 49) speaks of the same steadfastness in—‘The generous spirit who when brought Amongst the tasks of real life, has wrought Upon the plan that pleased his childish thought.’ And, in an equally noble style, an Eastern sage has said, ‘There is one way to gladden those whom you love: if one is not upright when retired into himself, never will he bring rejoicing to those who are near him.’”
1873 rug2
rug2 = rug1
543-5
1902 Reed
Reed: claims Bacon is Shakespeare
543 Reed (1902, § 855): Bacon Promus 1594-1596: “I prefer nothing but that they be true to themselves, and I true to myself.”
1904 ver
ver: Jn. //; Bacon
543-5 Verity (ed. 1904): “Too fine a thought, one feels, for Polonius; it is, surely, Shakespeare’s own sentiment, as in [Jn 5.7.117 (2728)]: ‘Nought shall make us rue, If England to itself do rest but true.’ Bacon says: ‘Be so true to thy Selfe as [[in such a way that]] though be not false to Others, specially to thy King and Country” (“Of Wisdom For a Man’s Self”), Essays. Pitt Press ed., p. 69.”
1929 trav
trav
543 true] Travers (ed. 1929): “loyal, faithful.”
1939 kit2
kit2
543-5 Kittredge (ed. 1939): "Thus Polonius rises from his salutary precepts of worldly wisdom to one great general truth which includes and ennobles them all."
1969 ShSt
McAlindon
543 to . . . true] McAlindon (1969, p. 81): “ ’To thine own self be true’ is . . . a moral of great relevance to Hamlet. His emotional distress and mental confusion inspire in him an instinct to imitate individuals whose style can only degrade him. But it should be observed that this muddled admiration--or fascination--is apparent only in his response to violent grief and (a closely related phenomenon) violent action.”
1982 ard2
ard2:
543 to . . . true] Jenkins (ed. 1982): See CN 523: “be constant, be consistent in your opinions.”
1985 cam4
cam4
543 to . . . true] Edwards (ed. 1985): "There are higher aims in life than to be true to such a limited self as Polonius. Again, these words rise from their immediate context and radiate over the whole play. Such an injunction, of dubious value for Polonius and Laertes, touches the centre of Hamlet’s predicament. ’To thine own self be true’! But to which self? He cannot reach the self to which he must be true."
1987 oxf4
oxf4
543 to . . . true] Hibbard (ed. 1987): "be steadfast, be constant (OED true a. 1c). See [Tro. 3.2.169 ff (1790)]."
1987 Mercer
Mercer
543 to thine owne selfe be true] Mercer (1987, p 159.): Good advice perhaps, but “only raises, in the case of Hamlet, far more teasing questions than it answers.” Ed. note:It raises the question also with Laertes.
2000 Srigley
Srigley: Bacon
543-5 Srigley (2000, p. 31): In The Advancement of Learning Bacon explains the path to virtue, which for him is religion: "By religion [Bacon] means strenuously being true to the ’honest and good ends’ a man sets himself. If this is done, ’it will follow that he shall mould himself into all virtue at once.’ [n. 61: Bacon 3:442]
Ed note: While Srigley claims that Polonius’s advice to Laertes has both the cadence and the effect of Bacon’s ideas, it seems that if Sh. has Bacon in mind it is to show that Polonius does not place before his final words the caution to Laertes to shape himself into a virtuous person. If he does not do that, being true to himself will not result in the goodness Bacon has in mind. Moreover, Polonius’s recommendations to Reynaldo (act two, scene one) suggest that he believes that his son is not on a virtuous path.
2007 Nuttall
Nuttall
543-5 to thine. . . any man] Nuttall (2007, p. 192): <p. 192> Quotes 543-5 "This is the doctrine of the Stoic Cato. . . Laertes is invited to conjure from nowhere a splendid version of himself, a Laertes who could not possibly </p. 192> < p.193> betray a friend; if he can be true to that, his virtue is indeed assured.</p. 193>
543 544 545