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Line 310 - Commentary Note (CN)

Commentary notes (CN):

1. SMALL CAPS Indicate editions. Notes for each commentator are divided into three parts:

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Notes for lines 0-1017 ed. Bernice W. Kliman

For explanation of sigla, such as jen, see the editions bib.

310 And the Kings rowse the {heauen} <Heauens> shall brute againe,	1.2.127

1603 Segar

Segar in Stow’s Annales 1603

310-11 Segar (1603, apud Travers [ed. 1929]): “The custom was a Danish one. On July 14, 1603, at the banquet offered to ‘the Dane’ of those days, Christian IV, on board an English ship lying off Elsinore, every health was thus reported by 6, 8, or 10 shot of great Ordinance,’ the grand total of these reaching 160 (Diary of William Segar, Garter King at Arms). When His Majesty returned the compliment on land, the festivities were bacchanalian to such a degree that the English ambassador took leave before he need have done so.”

1605 Segar

Segar in Stow’s Annales 1605

310-11 Segar (1605, apud Wilson, ed. 1936, rpt. 1954, additional notes): “That afternoon the King [[Christian IV]] went aboord the English ship [[lying off Elsinore]] and had a banket prepared for him vpon the vpper decks, which were hung with an Awning of cloath of Tissue; euery health reported sixe, eight, or ten shot of great Ordinance, so that during the King’s abode, the ship discharged 160 shot.”

1603 Plutarch

Plutarch

310 rowse] Plutarch (1603, , trans Holland , p. 46) associates drinking and a falling off from virtue: “Can you carrouse so lustily and tosse the pot so round, Whose father knew to shake a speare and stoutly stand his ground?”

1730 Bailey

Bailey

310 rowse] Bailey (1730): carouse (from Fr.):“a drinking bout.”

Bailey

310 brute] Bailey (1730): to bruit is to “report or spread a thing abroad.”

1744 han1 glossary

han1

310 rowse] Hanmer (ed. 1744, 6: Glossary) “rowse is carowse”

1773 v1773

v1773: AWW

310 rowse] Steevens (ed. 1773, 4: 113 n. 8) writes that when he rejected Warburton’s emendation revyes for revives in AWW 4.4.34 (2478), he had not encountered the word: “Since I wrote the foregoing note, I met with the word [revye] in B. Jonson’s Every Man in his Humour, — ‘here’s a trick vied and revied.’ It seems that these were terms made use of at the old game at cards called Gleek. I am unable to explain them with any degree of certainty. Green, in his Art of Cony-catching, 1592, says, —‘The sweetness of gaine makes him ready to vie and revie.’ Steevens.”

1773 CR

Anon. review of v1773.

310 rowse] Anon. (1773) cites this particular point, the note by Warburton and Steevens’s change of mind.

1773- mmal1, with ref to v1773, p. 162.

mmal1 ≈ han1 without attribution

310 rowse] Malone (-1778, f. 50v): “Rouse was I Believe a corruption or abbreviation of carouse. So in the prologue to Marston’s Antonio & Mellida 1602 ‘—We might drink A sound carouse unto your health of wit.’”

1778 v1778

v1778

310 rowse] Steevens (ed. 1778): “see Oth. [2.3.66 (1178)]

1791- rann

rann: xref 612, 951; // Shr. Tranio 1.2

310 rowse] Rann (ed. 1791-): “deep draught. carouse.”

1793 v1793

v1793 = v1778 [Oth] + in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Steevens (ed. 1793): “i.e. the king’s draught of jollity. See [Oth. 2.3.66 (1178)].” Ritson (apud Steevens, ed. 1793): “So, in Marlowe’s Tragical Historie of Doctor Faustus: ‘He tooke his rouse with stoopes of Rhennish wine.”

Ed. note: See this Ritson CN in 612, where it makes better sense with Rhennish in 614. Steevens uses his same def. in 613. Since I could not locate this point in Ritson’s 1792 work, I am assuming that this was communicated directly to Steevens.

1803 v1803

v1803 = v1793

1805 Gifford

Gifford’s Massinger

310 rowse] Gifford (1805, 1:237 n. 7): For rouse in The Duke of Milan, 1.1.38-9 (“your lord, by his patent, Stands bound to take his rouse,” Gifford notes: <n> <p. 237>“This word has never been properly explained. It occurs in Hamlet, where it is said by Steevens, as well as Johnson, to mean a quantity of liquor rather too large: the latter derives it from rusch, half drunk, Germ. while he brings carouse from garausz, all out! Rouse and carouse, however, </p.237> <p.238> like vye and revye, are but reciprocation of the same action, and must therefore be derived from the same source. A rouse was a large glass (‘not past a pint,’ as Iago says) in which a health was given, the drinking of which by the rest of the company formed a carouse. Barnaby Rich is exceedingly angry with the inventor of this custom, which, however, with a laudable zeal for the honour of his country, he attributes to an Englishman, who, it seems, ‘had his brains beat out with a pottlepot’ for his ingenuity. ‘In former ages,’ says he, ‘they had no conceit whereby to draw on drunkennesse,’ (Barnaby was no great historian,) ‘their best was, I drinke to you, and I pledge you, till at length some shallow-witted drunkard found out the carouse,’ an invention of that worth and worthinesse as it is pitie the first founder was not hanged, that we might have found out his name in the ancient record of the hangman’s register.’ English Hue and Cry, 1617, p. 24. It is necessary to add, that there could be no rouse or carouse, unless the glasses were emptied: ‘The leader,’ continues honest Barnaby, ‘soupes up his broath, turnes the bottom of the cuppe upward, and in ostentation of his dexteritie, gives it a phylip, to make it cry tynge’ ! id.

“In process of time, both these words were used in a laxer sense; but I believe that what is here advanced will serve to explain many passages out of our old dramatists, in which hey occur in their primal and appropriate signification: ‘Nor. I’ve ta’en, since supper, A rouse or two too much, and by the gods It warms my blood.’ Knight of Malta. This proves that Johnson and Steevens are wrong: a rouse has here a fixed and determinate sense. In the colloquial language of the present day it would be, a bumper or two too much. Again: ‘Duke. Come, bring some wine. Here’s to my sister, gentlemen. A health, and mirth to all! Archas. Pray fill it full, sir; ’Tis a high health to virtue, Here lord Burris, A maiden health!— Duke. Go to, no more of this. Archas. Take the rouse freely, sir, ’Twill warm your blood, and make you fit for jollity.’ The Loyal Subject.” </p.238> </n>

1810 Anon.

Anon [Croft?]: standard

310 Kings rowse] Anon. (1810, p. 21): “i.e. rouse (Danish) a stoop of liquor, hence carouse.”

1813 v1813

v1813 = v1803

310 rowse]

1816 Gifford

Gifford

310 rowse] Gifford (1816, 3:420) explains rouse: “A rouse, it may be just necessary to observe, is a full glass, a bumper, and was usually drunk to some toast.”

He has a reference to his Massinger, 1:237 (Singer says 1:240, which is the 1813 ed.).

Gifford

310 on rowse and carowse Gifford (ed. Jonson, 1816, 1:106) has a note on vye and revye for Every Man in His Humour 4.1.

1819 cald1

cald1: Steevens on Dekker in 612, Douce + ( Bailey, Minsheu, Greene—unless one or more of these are in one of the several other docs having to do with drinking. See also 612 &c.)

310 brute] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “Bruit is spread abroad. See bruited, [Mac. 5.7.22 (2424)]. Macb.

cald1: Douce; Steevens +

310 rowse] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “Bailey in his dictionary derives the Fr. carouser, from carausz, Teut. i.e. ‘fill it all out:’ and Minshieu, carouse, from gar, al together, and ausz, out, Germ.: ut sit quasi exinanitio sive evaporatio poculi: the sense also in which it seems to be used by Greene. ‘Now time proffers the full cup; and the devill take me, if I carouse it not.’ Ohpharion, 4to. 1599, p. 25.”

1821 v1821

v1821 = v1813.

310 rowse]

1826 sing1

sing1: Gifford + Peacham and Rabelais in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Singer (ed. 1826): “A rouse appears to have been a deep draught to the health of any one, in which it was customary to empty the glass or vessel. Its etymology is uncertain; but I suspect it to be only an abridgement of carouse, which is used in the same sense. —See Peacham’s Complete Gentleman, 1627, p. 194.

“Carouse seems to have come to us from the French, who again appear to have derived it from the German gar-auss, to drink all out: at least so we may judge from the following passage in Rebelais, B.iii.Prologue. — ‘Enfans, beuvez a plein godets. Si bon ne vous semble, laissez le. Je ne suis de ces importuns lifrelofres, qui par force, par outrage, et violence contraignent les gentils compaignons trinquer, boire caraus, et allauz.’

“The reader may consult Mr. Gifford’s Massinger, [1:240].”

1832 cald2

cald2 = cald1

310 rowse]

1833 valpy

valpy ≈ v1821 without attribution

310 rowse] Valpy (ed. 1833): “Jovial draught.”

valpy ≈ Steevens in Mac. without attribution

310 bruit] Valpy (ed. 1833): “Report.”

1843 col1

col1: hang without attribution [green], cald2 [blue] without attribution + in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Collier (ed. 1843): “i.e. carouse: the word ‘rouse’ was often used: and Brand, in his ‘Popular Antiquities,’ [2:228], (as Todd remarks) tells us that as late as the reign of Charles II. ‘the Danish rowsa’ was notorious in this country. This may be the same as the German rausch, drunkenness, and hence ‘rouse’ and carouse.”

1844 verp

verp: standard

310 rowse] Verplanck (ed. 1844): “A rouse was a deep draught to one’s health, by which it was customary to empty the goblet or cup. It has the same primitive meaning as ‘carouse.’”

1854 del2

del2

310 rowse]Delius (ed. 1854): “ist sowohl das Zechen selbst als Ganzes. als der volle Trunk beim Gelage im Einzelnen.” [Carousing as a whole as well as individual drinking in a tavern]

1856 hud1

hud1 ≈ sing1 minus (what is struck out and everything from Pecham on) with variations in magenta

310 rowse] Hudson (ed. 1856): “A rouse appears to have been was a deep draught to the health of any one, in which wherein it was customary to empty the glass or vessel cup or goblet. Its etymology is uncertain; but I suspect it to be only an abridgement of meaning, and probably its origin, was the same as carouse, which is used in the same sense. still in use. H.”

Ed. note: hud1 substitutes certainty for conjecture, and common terms for technical ones.

1856 sing2

sing2 = sing1

310 rowse]

1858 col3

col3 = col1 + // in Oth. 3.1.

310 rowse]

Ed. Note: col3 seems to be the only ed. to refer to this //; no quotation. This // appears to be an error.

1860 stau

stau standard including perhaps col1 and Gifford with variations in magenta + in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Staunton (ed. 1860): “ . . . ‘Rouse,’ in reality the Danish Raus, a deep draught, act of intoxication, or surfeit in drinking, was employed by our old writers with great laxity; sometimes it is used, indifferently, with carouse, to signify a bumper,—[quotes Oth. 2.3]. Again,— ‘Nor. I have took since supper, A rouse or two too much, and, by the gods, It warms my blood.’ The Knight of Malta, Act III. Sc. 4. While in a previous passage of the present play,—[quotes 310-1]—it plainly imports not simply a deep draught, but the accompaniment of some outcry, similar, perhaps, to our ‘hip, hip, hurrah!’ ”

1861 wh1

wh1 ≈ stau on def, of rouse without attribution = v1821 (i.e., Steevens v1778 on Decker) without attribution +

310 rowse] White (ed. 1861): “It’s signification is preserved in ‘rouser’ and ‘rousing’.”

1862 cham

cham = rann (or standard), xref 612 + in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Carruthers & Chambers (ed. 1862): “The king’s deep or jolly draught of wine.”

1868 col4

col4: standard w xref 951

310 rowse]

col3 seems to be the only one to refer to this //; no quotation. This // appears to be an error.

1868 c&mc

c&mc ≈ Hanmer without attribution on carouse (by way of v1821 no doubt); ≈ sing2 without attribution

310 rowse] Clarke & Clarke (ed. 1868): “An abbreviated form of ‘carouse;’ sometimes, as here, used to express a deep draught, in drinking which it was customary to empty the glass or vessel.”

1870 rug1

rug1

310 rowse] Moberly (ed. 1870):“As ‘the Danish rousa’ is spoken of as a national institution, the derivation of this word is probably from rôs, a beaker, and it is not connected either with the verb ‘to rouse’ or with ‘carouse.’”

1872 Wedgwood

Wedgwood

310 rowse] Wedgwood (1872): “Rouse. The radical sense of the word is shown in [Platt Deutsch] ruse, ruise, noise, racket, disturbance; g. rauschen, to rustle, roar, to do things with noise and bustle. . . . The original sense is preserved into a rousing fire . . . .. In the same way g. rausch is a flare up, a sudden blaze. . . . . The same word is metaphorically applied to excitation from drink. . . . When transferred to the cognate sense of a full glass or bumper, e. rouse was not unnaturally supposed to be contracted from carouse (g. garaus), with which it has a merely accidental resemblance. . . . Rouse, noise, intemperate mirth—Hal. , , , More commonly however it is used as an active verb in the sense of exciting others to vigorous action.”

1872 cln1

cln1 ≈ stau on Danish derivation; standard gloss; = stau //Oth. + another Jonson analogue and xref.

310 rowse] Clark & Wright (ed. 1872): “ . . . See also Ben Jonson’s Silent Woman, iii. 2, p. 420, ed. Gifford. Compare v.2. 285-289 [3775-9], 294 [3788].”

cln1: standard, including ref. to Mac., without attribution also, ref. to his note at Mac.

310 brute]

1872 hud2

hud2 ≈ hud1

310 rowse]

hud2

310 brute againe] Hudson (ed. 1872): “To bruit is to noise; used with again, the same as echo or reverberate.”

1874 Corson

Corson: F1

310 heauen] Corson (1874, p. 9): “The plural form is the better here.”

1877 v1877

v1877: Wedgwood; xref 612

310 rowse] Wedgwood (apud Furness, ed. 1877): “The radical sense of the word is shown in Platt Deutsch ruse, ruise, noise, racket, disturbance; German rauschen, to rustle, roar, to do things with noise and bustle. Rausch is a flare-up, a sudden blaze; the same word is metaphorically applied to excitation from drink. Platt Deutsch runsk, Old Norse rúss, Dutch roes, tipsiness. When transferred to the cognate sense of a full glass or bumper, English rouse was not unnaturally supposed to be contracted from carouse (German garaus), with which it has a merely accidental resemblance—Rouse, noise, intemperate mirth.”

v1877: // Mac. 5.7.22 (2424); stau

310 bruit] Steevens (re bruited in Mac. 5.7.22 [2424] (apud Furness, ed. 1873): “That is, to report with clamor; to noise; from bruit, French.”

1880 meik

meik: standard w some deviations ≈

310 rowse] Meikeljohn (ed. 1880): “full bumper. Used three times in this play, and once in Oth, . . . (The word is said to come from Danish rôs, a beaker.) In S.’s time, the Danes were known as the most intmperate pople in Europe. This bad eminence is at present calimed on tolerably good grounds by the Swedes and the Scotch.”

meik: standard +

310 bruit] Meikeljohn (ed. 1880): “The word is used by S. three times as a noun, and four times as a verb.”

1881 hud3

hud3 =hud2

310 rowse]

hud3 = hud2

310 brute againe]

1883 wh2

wh2 ≈ mob without attribution

310 rowse] White (ed. 1883): “deep potation: of Danish origin.”

1885 macd

macd

310 rowse] MacDonald (ed. 1885): “German Rausch, drunkenness. [xref to 612, 951]”

1885 mull

mull ≈ cln1

310 rowse] Mull (ed. 1885): “Its meaning here seems to be a ‘deep draught,’ as in [612].—Cambridge Editors.”

1899 ard1

ard1 ≈ cald on Dekker without attribution + character’s name Proaemium; gloss = Gifford without attribution; +

310 rowse] Dowden (ed. 1899): “Swedish ras.”

ard1 = cald Mac. // without attribution; hud gloss without attribution

310 brute]

1909 tut

tut

310 rowse] Goggin (ed. 1909): “‘revel, potations’; the word is not the same as carouse, but of Danish origin; cp. Danish ruus, ‘intoxication.’”

1934 Wilson MSH

Wilson MSH

310 heauen] Wilson (1934, 2, 237] points out that when the next word begins with an s, as here, the difference between heaven and heavens would be indistinguishable in performance.

1938 parc

parc

310 rowse] Parrott & Craig (ed. 1938): “bumper.”

parc

310 brute] Parrott & Craig (ed. 1938): “noisily announce.”

1939 kit2

kit2: standard + in magenta underlined

310 rowse] Kittredge (ed. 1939): "drink, draught; especially a deep draught—one that empties the beaker. The spelling rouce (in the Folios) shows the pronunciation. Rouse is a clipped form of carouse (German gar aus, quite out). See [3758]."

kit2: standard

310 brute againe] Kittredge (ed. 1939): "report again, re-echo. The King, who wishes to honour his stepson, but is working out his own fate, selects a kind of tribute that is particularly repugnant to Hasmlet, educated at a foreign university and constitutionally averse to the coarser manners of the Scandinavians, especailly in their heavy drinking. See [612 ff]. In 1490, when James IV of Scotland and his wife were entertained at Baahus Castle in Norway, ’at the table the toasts of the King, the Queen, and some other noble persons were drunk, each toast accompanied with six cannon shots’ (A. H. Millar, Scottish Review, XXI (1893), 160). "

1947 cln2

cln2 = meik def.

310 rowse] Rylands (ed. 1947): "a bumper."

cln2

310 brute] Rylands (ed. 1947): "noise abroad."

1957 pel1

pel1: standard

310 rowse] Farnham (ed. 1957): “toast drunk in wine.”

pel1: standard

310 brute] Farnham (ed. 1957): “echo.”

1958 fol1

fol1: standard

310 rowse] Wright & LaMar (ed. 1958): “deep draught of liquor, carousal.”

fol1: standard

310 brute] Wright & LaMar (ed. 1958): “report.”

1970 pel2

pel2 = pel1

310 rowse] Farnham (ed. 1970): “toast drunk in wine”

pel2: standard

310 brute] Farnham (ed. 1970): “echo”

1980 pen2

pen2: standard

310 rowse] Spencer (ed. 1980): “bumper of wine.”

pen2

310 brute] Spencer (ed. 1980): “echo.”

1982 ard2

ard2: OED; Dekker; Faustus; xref; // Oth.

310 rowse] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “ ’Prob. an aphetic form of carouse, due to the phrase to drink carouse having been apprehended as to drink a rouse’ (OED). Either a bumper drunk as a toast, as here, or a drinking session. Cf. [614, 951]. The Danish word was rus and Dekker (Gull’s Hornbook) refers to ’the Danish rowsa’; but the suggestion that Shakespeare uses rouse to give a Danish coloring is countered by its occurrence in Faustus, [4.1.19]; Oth. [2.3.60], and indeed Ham. [951].”

ard2: standard

310 brute] bruit: Jenkins (ed. 1982): “noise abroad. Bruit again is often glossed as ’echo’. But the noise in the heavens will echo not the rouse but the cannon. The king’s drinking will be signalized by the cannon (the ’earthly thunder’), the echoing of which will then ’bruit’ or proclaim it again.”

1985 cam4

cam4

310 brute] Edwards (ed. 1985): "loudly proclaim (echoing the cannon)."

1987 oxf4

oxf4: OED sb 3

310 rowse] Hibbard (ed. 1987): "a full draught of liquour; a bumper (OED sb.3). OED suggests that rouse is ‘probably an aphetic form of carouse, due to the phrase to drink carouse having been apprehended as to drink a rouse’, and derives that phrase from the German ‘garaus trinken to drink "all out", to empty the bowl’. It also cites this as the earliest occurrence of the word in English."

oxf4

310 brute] Hibbard (ed. 1987): "noisily proclaim. Compare Macbeth 5.7.21-2, ‘By this great clatter, one of greatest note │ Seems bruited.’ "

1988 bev2

bev2: standard

310 rowse] Bevington (ed. 1988): “drinking of a draft of liquor.”

bev2: standard

310 brute again] Bevington (ed. 1988): “loudly echo.”

1992 fol2

fol2: standard

310 rowse] Mowat & Werstine (ed. 1992): “deep drink”

fol2: standard

310 brute] Mowat & Werstine (ed. 1992): “report”

1993 OED

OED

310 rowse] OED. sb.3 "Now arch. Also 7 rouce, rouze, 7, 9 rowse. [Prob. an aphetic form of carouse, due to the phrase to drink carouse having been apprehended as to drink a rouse. . . . `The Danish rowsa’ in Dekker’s Gull’s Hornbook may be simply due to the passages in Shaks. Hamlet.]

"1. A full draught of liquor; a bumper. 1602 SHAKS. Ham. I. ii. 126 And the Kings Rouce, the Heauens shall bruite againe. 1626 J. . . .

"2. A carousal or bout of drinking. 1602 SHAKS. Ham. [2.1]. There was he gaming, there o’retooke in’s Rouse. . . .

"carouse, adv. Obs. Also garaus, carous. [a. Ger. gar aus, in gar-aus trinken to drink `all out’, to empty the bowl. Cf. ALL OUT, the English phrase in same sense. In 16th c. F., Rabelais has boire carrous et alluz.] In the phrase to drink, quaff (pledge one) carouse: i.e. to the bottom, to drink a full bumper to his health.

"1567 DRANT Horace Ep. i. 18 The tiplinge sottes at mid~night which to quaffe carowse do vse. 1586 T. B. tr. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 193 Rather than they wil refuse to drink carouse."

2006 ard3q2

ard3q2: standard

310 rowse] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “toast, ceremonial drink, perhaps an abbreviated form of ’carouse’”

ard3q2: standard

310 brute] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “make a noise, echo”