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Notes for lines 0-1017 ed. Bernice W. Kliman
For explanation of sigla, such as jen, see the editions bib.
177 <Hamlet> {Counsaile: as} Polonius, {and his Sonne} Laertes, <and his Sister O->..
0 177 178
1773 gent
gent
177 Hamlet see n. 178
gent
177 Polonius] Gentleman (ed. 1773): “Polonius, in performance, should maintain a quaint, self-important shrewdness of expression, but studiously avoid all low comedy tricks.”
gent
177 Laertes] Gentleman (ed. 1773): “Laertes may be supported by the same requisites as Horatio, but more animated . . . . ”
1780 mals1
mals1
177 Polonius] Malone (1780, 2:407 n. 9), in a note on Lord Cromwell 3.2 “Polonian sausages”: “I suppose Hodge uses this as a term of contempt for the people of Bolognia [corrected in ms. c.5 to Bologna], they being famous for this kind of viand,—which in vulgar language is at this day called a Polony. . . . Malone.”
1864 The Athenaeum
Anon.: Fechter
177-311 Anon. (The Athenaeum in Pechter, 1864, p. 5): “ . . . The opening scene presented the King, Queen, and Hamlet seated on the elevated platform or dais,—conversing without movement or forced gesticulation.”
1904 Athenaeum
Gollancz: Grimaldus
177 Gollancz (Athenaeum 14 May 1904, p. 630): A Polish counsellor for Denmark was odd, but it would not have been odd in Sweden because the young King of Poland, who was also King of Sweden, was at war with his usurping uncle, who had unlawfully seized the crown of Sweden. England was deeply interested in the struggle. Shakspeare created the name Polonius with special reference to the ideal ’counsellor’ as depicted in a work famous throughout Europe: De Optimo Senatore (Venice, 1568), written by Laurentius Grimalius Goslicius, perhaps the greatest Polish statesman of the time. Of this work a translation was made in 1598. Ed. note: See Kliman 2002, which suggests a less complimentary interpretation of the Grimaldus allusion.
1934 Wilson
Wilson MSH
177 Counsaile: as] Wilson (1934, p. 110) cites this phrase as one of the e:o errors in Q2 combined with an “a: minim misprint into two words and a colon.” Thus the correction yields Sh’s Counsailors which becomes Councilors.
Ed. note: In his ed., Wilson has “Councillors, with a comma, followed by Polonius and Laertes and then Voltemand and Cornelius.
1934 cam3
cam3
177 Polonius] Wilson (ed. 1934): “Called ‘Corambis’ in Q1 and ‘Corambus’ in the Brudermord (Cf. Intro. p. xxv). Until recently it was assumed that ‘Corambus’ was the original name, altered in ‘Polonius’ in Shakespeare’s latest revision; Chambers (Will. Shak. 1, 417-18) challenges this, I think unnecessarily. For the name Polonius and a possible reference to Burleigh, v. Golancz, Book of Homage, pp. 173-77. Rowe described Polonius as ‘Lord Chamberlain,’ and Chambers (Sh. Eng. 1, 85) endorses this. But he is the most important person in the state of Denmark after the royal family, and it appears from [1200] (‘assistant for a state’) and 1.2 that he is the chief of the King’s Councillors, i.e., a statesman and not a ceremonial official like the Lord Chamberlain. I have little doubt that Shakespeare regarded him as corresponding with the Principal Secretary of State under Elizabeth and James I, a post held first by Burleigh and later by his son Robert Cecil.”
cam3
177 Laertes] Wilson (ed. 1934): “The name of the father of Ulysses, referred to in Ovid, Metam. xiii. 48 and in Tit. 1.1.380 [422].”
1934 cam3
cam3 see n. 178
177 Hamlet
1985 cam4
cam4
176 Florish . . . Alijs] [Flourish. Enter claudius King of Denmark, gertrude the Queen, hamlet, polonius, laertes, ophelia, [[voltemand, cornelius]] lords attendant] Edwards (ed. 1985): "This SD combines elements from both Q2 and F, on the principle explained in the Introduction (pp. 21-3, 32).[*] F adds Ophelia, which seems right, though she has no speaking part. Q2’s ’Counsaile: as’ (? for ’Councillors’) has by some been taken to indicate a formal meeting of the Danish council, which is highly implausible. A second omission in Q2 is the ambassadors. These are given a very awkward entry in F, half-way through Claudius’s speech [221]. Shakespeare must have meant them to be on stage from the start of the scene."
*Ed. note: On p. 32, Edwards justifies his conflation of Q2 and F1. "It is sadly true that the nearer we get to the stage, the further we are getting from Shakespeare. [The] ideal version of the play does not exist in either of the two main authoritative texts . . . but somewhere between them."
1987 oxf4
oxf4 contra Wilson
177 Counsaile . . . Laertes] Hibbard (ed. 1987): Rather than accepting Wilson’s idea that Counsaile: as is a misreading of the ms. Councillors, Hibbard defines "as" as "such as, "referring to OED 26; and Err. 1.2.97-8 (263-4): "They say this town is full of cozenage; As, nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. . . ."Voltemand and Cornelius enter late [F1 204] because Marcellus doubles Voltemand.
Ed. note: Early practice staging productions (as by the American Shakespeare Co., Staunton, VA, have demonstrated that the principals’ dignified movement onto the stage would have given Marcellus, with a different jacket and hat, time to reenter as Voltemand.
1988 bev2
bev2oxf4 without attribution
177 as] Bevington (ed. 1988): “i.e., such as, including.”
1993 OED
OED
177 Polonius OED concurs with Malone [see above, 1780] about the [Polish] sausage; though the sausage is 1st listed in mid-18th century; the word meaning Poland is listed in 16th century.
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2: cam3
177 Counsaile] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “—as councilors— namely (though Dover Wilson argues Q2’s ’Counsaile: as’ is an error for ’Councillors’)”