Notes for lines 2023-2950 ed. Frank N. Clary
| 2770 By his cockle hat and staffe, and his Sendall shoone. 2770 | 4.5.26 |
|---|
1744 han1
han1
2770 cockle] Hanmer (ed. 1744: Glossary, cockle): “Cockle, a weed in Corn.”
1747 warb
warb
2770 cockle . . . shoone] Warburton (ed. 1747): “This is the description of a pilgrim. While this kind of devotion was in fashion, love-intrigues were carried under that mask. Hence the old ballads and novels make pilgrimages the subjects of their plots. The cockle-shell hat was one of the essential badges of this vocation: for the chief places of devotion beyond the sea, or on the coasts, the pilgrims were accustomed to put cockle-shells upon their hats to denote intention or performance of their devotion.”
1755 Johnson Dict.
Johnson Dict. ≈ han2
2770 cockle ] Johnson (1755): “a weed that grows in corn.”
1765 john1/john2
john1 = warb
1771 han3
han3: Percy analogue
2770 cockle . . . shoone] Hawkins (apud Hanmer, ed. 1771): “[These are the distinguishing marks of a pilgrim. The chief places of devotion being beyond sea, the pilgrims were wont to put cockle shells in their hats to denote the intention or performance of their devotion. See Dr. Percy’s Reliques of ancient Poetry. V. i.]”
Brackets indicate that Thomas Hawkins is author of note.
1773 v1773
v1773 = john1, john2
Steevens includes all annotations from both JOHN editions.
1774 capn
capn
2770 cockle . . . shoone] Capell (1774, 1:1:142): “It is probable that some among the different fragments which Ophelia’s madness pours forth, were really parts of old songs; and others made to serve the occasion, in the style of those old ones: but we want the means to distinguish, both for that the songs are no more, and the imitations so very perfect: This which we have quoted a part of, savours much of antiquity; for the ‘staff,’ the ‘cockle-hat,’ and the ‘sandals,’ were the insignia of one who had been, or was going, upon some ultramarine pilgrimage.”
capn
2770 Sendall shoone] Capell (1774, 1:1: glossary, sandal shoon): “Shoes worn by Pilgrims, made like Sandals or Slippers, in French—Sandales.”
1778 v1778
v1778 = v1773 +
2770 cockle hat] Steevens (ed. 1778): “So, in Green’s Never to late, 1616, a Pilgrim is described: ‘A hat of straw like to a swain, Shelter for the sun and rain, With a scallop-shell before, &c.’ Steevens.”
1785 v1785
v1785 = v1778 +
2770 cockle hat] Steevens (ed. 1785): “Again in The Old Wives Tale, by George Peele, 1595, ‘I will give thee a Palmer’s staff of yvorie, and a scallop-shell of beaten gold.’ Steevens.”
1791- rann
rann
2770 cockle . . . shoone] Rann (ed. 1791-): “ornamented with shells—the habit or dress of a pilgrim—These songs are partly fragments of old ones, and partly composed for the occasion.”
1819 anon ann
anon ann (p. 9) = john
1819 cald1
cald1 = v1785 (Peele analogue) +
2770 cockle hat and staffe] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “Under these articles of a pilgrim or palmer’s dress, love intrigues were frequently conducted. The disguise afforded opportunities; and its devotional character, and the romance of the thing, was congenial to a lover’s mind: and thence a pilgrimage naturally formed stories for ballads, and plots for novels. And Warburton has also observed, that most of the principal of these places of devotional resort beyond the seas, or on the coasts, the cockle-shell, as announcing or denoting their object, became a badge of the vocation of these devotees.”
cald1
2770 shoone] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “‘Socculus, a manner of shoue.’ Ortus Vocabulor, 1514.”
1822 Nares
Nares ≈ v1778 (Green’s Never to Late analogue)
2770 cockle hat] Nares (1822: glossary, cockle-shell): “The badge of a pilgrim, worn usually in the front of the hat. The habit being sacred, this served as a protection, and therefore was often assumed as a disguise. The escalop was sometimes used, and either of them implied a visit to the sea. Thus in Ophelia’s ballad, the lover is to be known ‘By his cockle-hat, and staff And by his sandal shoon.’ Ham 4.3 [2770]. So a pilgrim is described: ‘A hat of straw, like to a swaim, Shelter for the sun and rain, With a scallop shell before. Green’s Never too late.”
1826 sing1
sing1 = v1785 (Peele analogue) without attribution+
2770 cockle . . . shoone] Singer (ed. 1826): “These were the badges of pilgrims. The cockle shell was an emblem of their intention to go beyond sea. The habit being held sacred, was often assumed as a disguise in love adventures.”
1832 cald2
cald2 = cald1 +
2770 hat and staffe]
Caldecott (ed. 1832): “The cockle shell was usually worn in the front of the hat.”
cald2 = cald1 +
2770 shoone]
Caldecott (ed. 1832): “i.e. shoes or shoen the Sax. termination in the plural: as oxen, housen.”
1854 del2
del2
2770 shoone] Delius (ed. 1854): “shoon ist die zu Sh.’s Zeit schon veraltete Pluralform von shoe. Muschelhut, Stab und Sandalen bezeichnen den Pilger.” [shoon is a plural form of shoe, a word that was already archaic in Shakespeare’s time. Cocklehat, staff, and sandals characterize the pilgrim.]
1856 hud1 (1851-6)
hud1 = sing1 on cockle . . . shoone, without attribution
1857 fieb
fieb ≈ warb, v1785 (Greene, Peele analogues)
2770 cockle] Fiebig (ed. 1857): “Cockle is a small shell-fish.—This is the description of a pilgrim, says Warburton. While this kind of devotion was in favour, love-intrigues were carried on under that mask. Hence the old ballads and novels made pilgrimages the subjects of their plots. The cockle-shell hat was one of the essential badges of this vocation: for the chief places of devotion being beyond sea, or on the coasts, the pilgrims were accustomed to put cockle-shells upon their hats, usually in the front of them, to note the intention or performance of their devotion. Thus in Ophelia’s ballad, the lover is to be known ‘By his cockle-hat,’ etc. So, in Green’s Never too late, 1615: ‘A hat of straw like to a swain,/Shelter for the sun and rain,/ With a scallop- (escalop) shell before,’ etc. Again, in The Old Wives Tale, by George Peele, 1594: ‘I will give the a palmer staff of yvorie, and a scallop-shell of beaten gold.’”
fieb ≈ del2
2770 shoone] Fiebig (ed. 1857): “This plural, shoon instead of shoes, has already been obsolete in Shakespeare’s time.—Staff and sandals are other marks of a pilgrim.”
1864a glo
glo: LLL //
2770 cockle] Clark and Wright (ed. 1864a [1865] 9: glossary, Cockle): “sb. tares or darnel. LLL [4.3.380 (1734)].”
1865 hal
hal = cald2 (incl. cald version of note introd. in v1785, with attribution) +
2770 cockle hat and staffe] Halliwell (ed. 1865): “‘The cockle-hat and staff,’ observes Mr. Fairholt, ‘was so peculiarly the badge of pilgrimage, that it has been adopted as the only symbols on a sculptured stone in the Cathedral of Dijon; commemorating the foundation of a mass of the festival of St. James of Compostella in the year 1577. They have been copied in our engraving from an original sketch made in 1846. To the cockle-shell is appended the loops by which they were fastened to the hat of a pilgrim; and the bourdon or staff is provided with a spike to secure its hold in travelling over a hilly country.’” [graphic illustration included]
hal: A Mery Jest analogue
2770 shoone] Halliwell (ed. 1865): “‘He that hath left the hosiers crafte, And fall to making shone; The smith that shall to painting fall, His thrifte is well nigh done.’ A Mery Jest of a Sergeaunt, n.d.”
1866 ktlyn
ktlyn: standard
2770 cockle hat] Keightley (ed. 1866, glossary): “cockle-shell hat, such as pilgrims wore.”
1868 c&mc
c&mc ≈ cald
2770 cockle hat and staff]
Clarke & Clarke (ed. 1868, rpt. 1878): “These were adopted by pilgrims; as their devotional wanderings took them beyond sea, they put cockleshells upon their hats, to denote their special mission. Inasmuch as the pilgrim’s habit was sacred, it was frequently assumed by persons engaged in love adventures, who were desirous of a safe disguise.”
1869 tsch
tsch
2770 cockle] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “fr. coquille, lat. cochlea, gr. [Greek here].” [French coquille, Latin cochlea, Greek [Greek here]]
tsch: Mueller; Byron analogue
2770 shoone] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “Der Pl. shoon ist noch jetzt in Westmoreland, sheoun in Yorkshire üblich. W. Scott gebraucht shoon, so wie auch Byron in Childe Harold. M. I. 219.” [The plural shoon is still today common in Westmoreland, and sheoun in Yorkshire. W. Scott uses shoon, as does Byron also in Childe Harold. M. I. 219.]
1869 Romdahl
Romdahl: 2H6 //
2770 shoone] Romdahl (1869, p. 37): “is an ancient plural form of shoe, which is still in use in the provincial language of the northern and western parts of England, and also to be met with in W. Scott and L. Byron. A.S. sceo, scô, scôh, pl. sceos, scôs, and scôn; O.E. scho, sho, pl. schoon, shoon, shone, and shoos. The old English language had in many nouns the plural ending en, n, for instance, dohtre pl. dohtren (daughters), suster pl. sustren (sisters), eye pl. eyen, eyne, the latter sometimes used by Sh., for eyes. This old plural form is in modern English retained in oxen, children, brethren, and in poetry and provincial language several more. In 2H6 [4.2.185 (2505)] we find Sh. himself making use of shoon, whereas our passage belongs to a song written before Sh’s time.”
1872 hud2
hud2 = hud1 minus Peele analogue
1872 cln1
cln1 ≈ Romdahl (2H6 //) without attribution
2770 shoone] Clark and Wright (ed. 1872): “This form of the plural was already archaic in Shakespeare’s time. The only other passage of his plays in which it occurs is in a speech of Jack Cade, 2h6 4.2.195 [2505]: ‘Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon.’”
1877 v1877
v1877 = warb
2770 cockle hat]
Furness (ed. 1877): “
Warburton: The description of a pilgrim. While this kind of devotion was in favor, love intrigues were carried on under this mask. Hence the old ballads and novels made pilgrimages the subjects of their plots. The cockle-shell hat was one of the essential badges of this vocation; for the chief places of devotion being beyond sea or on the coasts, the pilgrims were accustomed to put cockle-shells upon their hats, to denote the intention or perforamnce of their devotion.”
v1877 ≈ del2
2770 shoone]
Furness (ed. 1877): “
Delius: This form of the plural was archaic in Shakespeare’s times.
Elze: It also occurs in
2H6 [4.2.185 (2505)].”
1878 rlf1
rlf1:standard for cockle hat (2770)
rlf1 ≈ del, cln1 (for 2H6 //) without attribution
2770 shoone] Rolfe (ed. 1878): “As Delius remarks, this plural was archaic in the time of S. He puts it also in the mouth of Cade, 2H6 [4.2.185 (2505)].”
1883 wh2
wh2
2770 cockle hat . . . shoone] White (ed. 1883): “shoes. The old English plural which, with housen for houses, I have heard in my boyhood, among the Yankees of Long Island. The cockle had (hat with a cockle shell on it) and the sandal shoon were signs of pilgrimage, and were often assumed as disguises by lovers.”
1889 Barnett
Barnett
2770 shoone] Barnett (1889, p. 56): “shoes. Other examples of this plural are, fone, foes; fleen, flies; been, bees.”
1890 irv2
irv2
2770 cockle hat] Symons (Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “badge of pilgrims bound for places of devotion beyond the sea.”
irv2 = warb
2770 cockle hat] Symons (Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “‘This, ‘as Warburton remarks, ‘is the description of a pilgrim. While this kind of devotion was in favour, love intrigues were carried on under that mask. Hence the old ballads and novels made pilgrimages the subjects of their plots. The cockle-shell hat was one of the essential badges of this vocation: for the chief places of devotion being beyond sea, or on the coasts, the pilgrims were accustomed to put cockle-shells upon their hats, to denote the intention or performance fo their devotion’ (Var. Ed. vol. vii. p. 424).”
irv2 ≈ cln1 (incl. 2H6//
2770 shoone] Symons (in Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “The word shoon occurs only here (in a ballad-fragment) and as used by Jack Cade in 2H6 [4.2.185 (2505)]. This form of the plural was archaic even in Shakespeare’s time.”
1891 dtn
dtn
2770 Deighton (ed. 1891): “by his wearing the habit of a pilgrim.”
dtn
2770 cockle had] Deighton (ed. 1891): “cockle-shells were worn by pilgrims in their hats as emblematical of their crossing the sea to visit the Holy Land.”
dtn
2770 Sendall shoone] Deighton (ed. 1891): “shoes formed of sandals worn under, and attached by straps to, the feet; shoon, an archaic plural.”
1899 ard1
ard1 ≈ hal + Rom. //
2770 cockle hat] Dowden (ed. 1899): “a hat with a scallop-shell stuck in it, the sign of a pilgrim having been at the shrine of St. James of Compostella. For the disguise of a lover as pilgrim compare Rom. [ 1.5.95 (672)].”
1903 p&c
p&c ≈ hal (Cathedral of Dijon)
2770 cockle . . . staffe] Porter & clarke (ed. 1903): “The cockle hat and staff were peculiarly the badge of pilgrimage, and especially associated with tales of love, ballads of intrigue, and romantic wanderings. From a sculptured stone belonging to 1577, in the Cathedral of Dijon, it appears that the scallop-shell was large enough to hood and mask the face and that it had loops by which it was fastened to the front of the hat. The staff or bourdon was shod with a spike for hill-climbing.”
1903 rlf3
rlf3 = rlf1 for cockle hat (2770)
rlf3 = rlf1 minus del attribution for shoon (2770)
1904 ver
ver = v1877 (warb), ard1 (Rom. //); Greene analogue
2770 By his cockle hat] Verity (ed. 1904): “‘The description of a pilgrim. While this kind of devotion was in favor, love intrigues were carried on under this mask. Hence the old ballads and novels made pilgrimages the subjects of their plots. The cockle-shell hat was one of the essential badges of this vocation; for the chief places of devotion being beyond sea or on the coasts, the pilgrims were accustomed to put cockle-shells upon their hats, to denote the intention of performance of their devotion’– Warburton. (F.)
“The first part of this note is well illustrated by a pretty lyric in Greene’s Never Too Late (1590), which describes Love disguised as a palmer (i.e. ‘one who had brought back a palm-branch from the Holy Land’). Dowden refers to Rom. [1.5.93-104 (670-80)], the ball-scene; compare Romeo’s first meeting with Juliet.
“A cockle-shell denoted a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James of Compostella, one of the most famous of medieval shrines, in the northwest of Spain, not far from Cape Finisterre. A scallop-shell indicated a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The “holy Palmer” in Marmion (i.e. the disguised De Winton) has both shells; cf. I. xxiii.: ‘He shows Saint James’s cockle-shell, Of fair Montserrat, too, can tell’; and xxvii., ‘The scallop shell his cap did deck.’
“Greene’s pilgrim has only the scallop: ‘A hat of straw, like a swain, Shelter for the sun and rain, With a scallop-shell before; Sandals on his feet he wore.’”
ver ≈ irv2 (2H6 //); Milton, Spenser analogues
2770 shoone] Verity (ed. 1904): “an archaic form even in Shakespeare’s time. The only play in which it occurs is (the doubtful) 2H6. [4.2.185 (2505)], where Jack Cade (misrepresented as a boorish demagogue) is the speaker. Moreover, even there it comes in a traditional phrase (“clouted shoon”) which somehow survived till, at least, Milton’s time (Comus, 635).
“Of the inflexion en = an in A.S. the only survival in common use is oxen = A.S. ox-an. Spenser has eyen often (cf. the poetic form eyne, used by Shakespeare several times for the sake of rhyme) and foen = A.S. fan, ‘foes’.”
1905 rltr
rltr
2770 shoone] Chambers (ed. 1905): “shoes.”
1931 crg1
crg1 ≈ ard1 minus Rom. //
2770 cockle hat] Craig (ed. 1931): “hat with cockle shell stuck in it as a sign that the wearer had been a pilgrim to the shrine of St. James of Compostella. The pilgrim’s garb was a conventional disguise for lovers.”
1934 rid
rid ≈ crg1 minus “as a sign . . . . lovers.”
2770 cockle hat] Ridley (ed. 1934): “hat with pilgrim’s cockle-shell.”
1934 cam3
cam3: Rom. //
2770 cockle hat . . . shoone] Wilson (ed. 1934): “The garb of a pilgrim assumed by the conventional lover sworn to worship at the shrine of his ‘saint’; cf. Rom. [ 1.5.95 (672)].”
1935 ev2
ev2 ≈ crg1 + magenta underlined
2770 cockle hat] Boas (ed. 1935): “Pilgrims wore cockle shells in their hats, as emblems of their having crossed the sea to the Holy Land. The disguise of a pilgrim was a favourite one with lovers. Romeo adopted it.”
1937 pen1
pen1 ≈ crg1 minus “The pilgrim’s . . . lovers.”
2770 cockle hat] Harrison (ed. 1937): “pilgrims who had visited the Shrine of St James of Compostella wore a cockle shell in their hats.”
1939 kit2
kit2: AWW, Rom., MV, TGV, Son. //
2770 cockle . . . staff] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “The signs of a pilgrm. A cockle shell stuck in the hat was originally a sign that the wearer had been on a pilgrimage to the famous shrine of St. James at Compostela in Spanish Galicia. See AWW [3.4.4 (1560)]; [4.3.47ff. (2154ff.)]. That lovers are pilgrims and their lady-loves are saints was a common metaphor. See Rom. [ 1.5.95 (672)].; and cf. MV [1.1.120-1 (129-30)]; [2.7.40 (1013)]; TGV [2.4.145 (797)]; Son. xxvii, 6.”
1942 n&h
n&h: standard
2770 cockle . . . staffe] Neilson & Hill (ed. 1942): “marks of a pilgrim.”
1951 alex
alex: Cor. //
2770 cockle] Alexander (ed. 1951): “the tares that grow with the corn, so of evil disposition, Cor. [3.1.70 (1760)].”
1957 pel1
pel1 ≈pen1
2770 cockle hat] Farnham (ed. 1957): “hat bearing a cockle shell, worn by a pilgrim who had been to the shrine of St. James of Compostela.”
1958 fol1
fol1 ≈ crg1 + magenta underlined
2770 cockle hat and staffe] Wright & LaMar (ed. 1958): “parts of the garb of a pilgrim to the shrine of St. James of Compostela in Spain. A cockle shell was worn in the hatband of a returning pilgrim.”
1974 evns1
evns1 ≈ fol1
2770 cockle hat] Evans (ed. 1974): “hat bearing a cockle shell, the badge of a pilgrim to the shrine of St. James of Compostella in Spain.”
evns1 ≈ n&h
2770 staffe] Evans (ed. 1974): “another mark of a pilgrim.”
evns1: standard
2770 shoone] Evans (ed. 1974): “shoes (already and archaic form in Shakespeare’s day.”
1980 pen2
pen2 ≈ pel1
2770 cockle hat] Spencer (ed. 1980): “A hat with a cockle-shell on it signified that the wearer had made a pilgrimage to the shrine of St James at Compostela (in north-west Spain), famous medieval place of pilgrimage.”
pen2
2770 staffe] Spencer (ed. 1980): “pilgrim’s walking-staff.”
pen2 ≈ evns1
2770 shoone] Spencer (ed. 1980): “(archaic plural) shoes.”
1982 ard2
ard2
2770 cockle hat] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “A cockle-shell (or more strictly, a scallop-shell) was worn on the hat to denote, originally, one who had been at the shrine of St. James at Compostela. The practice appears to have derived from the use of the scallop-shell in baptism and hence as a symbol of repentance and regeneration.”
ard2: standard
2770 shoon] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “The ballad retains the archaic plural.”
1984 chal
chal ≈ cam3 minus Rom. // + magenta underlined
2770 cockle hat] Wilkes (ed. 1984): “pilgrim’s hat with the scallop shell on it: the staff and sandals are other marks of the pilgrim, here perhaps a lover traveling to the shrine of his patron saint. The first song concerns the death and burial of a ‘true love’.”
1988 bev2
bev2 ≈ evns1
2770 cockle hat] Bevington (ed. 1988): “hat with cockleshell stuck in it as a sign that the wearer had been a pilgrim to the shrine of Saint James of Compostella in Spain.”
bev2 = rltr for shoone (2770)
1998 OED
OED
2770 cockle] OED (Sept. 21, 1998): “7. attrib. and Comb., as cockle family, kind, -picker, tribe, -woman. cockle-boat, a small boat (cf. 3 b, and COCK-BOAT); cockle-garden, an enclosed part of the coast, where cockles are bred for economic purposes; cockle-gatherer, one who gathers cockles for food, etc.; cockle-hat, a hat with a `cockle’ or scallop-shell stuck in it, worn by pilgrims, as a sign of their having been at the shrine of St. James of Compostella in Spain; cockle-pan (cf. 3), ? a shallow pan used on the kitchen fire; cockle-pond, a shallow pond in which cockles are bred; cockle-rake (see quot.); cockle-sauce (cf. oyster-sauce); cockle-strewer, the person who strewed a pall-mall ground with powdered cockle-shells (cf. Pepys, 15 May 1663); cockle-wife, a woman who gathers cockles for sale. See also COCKLE-SHELL.”
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2: standard
2770 cockle. . . shoon] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “The hat decorated with cockle-shell (the sign of St. James of Compostella), the staff and the sandals were all signs of the pilgrim, and the pilgrim was often seen as a figure or metaphor for the lover.”
ard3q2: Hope analogue
2770 shoon] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “shoes (archaic plural: see Hope, 1.3.1).”
2770
