Line 528 - Commentary Note (CN) 
Commentary notes (CN):
1. SMALL CAPS Indicate editions. Notes for each commentator are divided into three parts:
In the 1st two lines of a record, when the name of the source text (the siglum) is printed in SMALL CAPS, the comment comes from an EDITION; when it is in normal font, it is derived from a book, article, ms. record or other source. We occasionally use small caps for ms. sources and for works related to editions. See bibliographies for complete information (in process).
2. How comments are related to predecessors' comments. In the second line of a record, a label "without attribution" indicates that a prior writer made the same or a similar point; such similarities do not usually indicate plagiarism because many writers do not, as a practice, indicate the sources of their glosses. We provide the designation ("standard") to indicate a gloss in common use. We use ≈ for "equivalent to" and = for "exactly alike."
3. Original comment. When the second line is blank after the writer's siglum, we are signaling that we have not seen that writer's gloss prior to that date. We welcome correction on this point.
4. Words from the play under discussion (lemmata). In the third line or lines of a record, the lemmata after the TLN (Through Line Number] are from Q2. When the difference between Q2 and the authors' lemma(ta) is significant, we include the writer's lemma(ta). When the gloss is for a whole line or lines, only the line number(s) appear. Through Line Numbers are numbers straight through a play and include stage directions. Most modern editions still use the system of starting line numbers afresh for every scene and do not assign line numbers to stage directions.
5. Bibliographic information. In the third line of the record, where we record the gloss, we provide concise bibliographic information, expanded in the bibliographies, several of which are in process.
6. References to other lines or other works. For a writer's reference to a passage elsewhere in Ham. we provide, in brackets, Through Line Numbers (TLN) from the Norton F1 (used by permission); we call these xref, i.e., cross references. We call references to Shakespearean plays other than Ham. “parallels” (//) and indicate Riverside act, scene and line number as well as TLN. We call references to non-Shakespearean works “analogues.”
7. Further information: See the Introduction for explanations of other abbreviations.
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Notes for lines 0-1017 ed. Bernice W. Kliman
| 528 Grapple them {vnto} <to> thy soule with hoopes of steele, | 1.3.63 |
|---|
528 29901752 Dodd
Dodd
528 hoopes] Dodd (1752, 1:221): “Hooks] Alluding to the grappling-hooks made use of at sea. some would read hoops, but we cannot be said to grapple any thing with a hoop.”
1773 jen
jen ≈ Dodd without attribution + in magenta underlined
528 hoopes]
Jennens (ed. 1773): “All the editions before
P. read
hoops, who alters it to
hooks, and is followed by the succeeding editors,
Hooks better continues the metaphor of
grappling;
but Shakespeare frequently changes his metaphors even in the middle of a sentence.”
Ed. note: Or does a Polonius change his metaphors in mid-sentence?
1774 capn
capn: pope; theo; han; warb
528 hoopes] Capell (1774, 1:1: 124) “‘hooks’ . . . is in the four latter moderns [Pope, Theobald, Hanmer, Warburton]; the word “grapple” directs to it; . . . ”
1780 mals1
mals1
528 hoopes] Steevens (apud Malone, 1780, 1:693 n. 2) connects Son. 137. 7 “hooks, Whereto the judgment of my heart is ty’d” and Ham. “Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel”. . . . Steevens.”
1790 mal
mal ≈ Steevens in mals1 without attribution, capn without attribution + in magenta underlined
528 hoopes] Malone (ed. 1790): “The old copies read —with hoops of steel. I have no doubt that this was a corruption in the original quarto of 1604, arising, like many others, from similitude of sounds. The emendation, which was made by Mr. Pope, and adopted by three subsequent editors, is strongly supported by the word grapple. See Minshew’s Dictionary, 1617: ‘To hook or grapple, viz. to grapple and to board a ship’ A grapple is an instrument with several hooks to lay hold of a ship in order to board it.” This correction is also justified by our poet’s 137th sonnet: ‘Why of eyes’ falshood hast thou forged hooks, Whereto the judgment of my heart is ty’d?’ It may also be observed that hooks are sometimes made of steel, but hoops never.”
Ed. note: in saying “three subsequent editors” he appears to copy from capn without attribution.
1793 v1793
v1793 = mal +
528 hoopes] Steevens (ed. 1793): “We have, however, in [2H4 4.4.43 (2417)]: ‘A hoop of gold to bind thy brothers in.’ The former part of the phrase occurs also in [Mac. 3.1.105 (1106)].: ‘Grapples you to the heart and love of us.’ Steevens.”
1803 v1803
v1803 = v1793
528 hoopes]
1807 Pye
Pye: mal +
528 hoopes] Pye (1807, p. 311) I have no doubt that [hooks], and not hoops of steel, is the proper reading, though I do not think it derives any additional support from the following observation of Mr. Malone; ‘It may be observed, that hooks are sometimes made of steel, but hoops never.’ I believe hoops are at least as often made of steel as hearts are, or as foreheads are of brass.”
Ed. note: The Sh. wars in action.
1813 v1813
v1813: = v1803
528 hoopes]
1819 cald1
cald1: Pye on mal
528 hoopes] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “Hooks having been unwarrantably here substituted, and it having been said also by Malone, that hoops were never made of steel, Mr. Pye observes, I believe hoops are at least as often made of steel as hearts are; or as foreheads are of brass.’ Comm. on Commentators, 8vo. 1807, p. 311.”
1821 v1821
v1821 = v1813
528 hoopes]
1822 Nares
Nares ≈ Todd without attribution
528 Grapple] Nares (1822): “as a substantive, means any strong hook by which things were seized and held, as ships to each other in boarding.”
Ed. note: See 2990
1832 cald2
cald2 = cald1
528 hoopes]
1839 knt1
knt1 = cald2 without attribution minus Pye, though with the Pye spirit
528 hoopes] Knight (ed. [1839]): “Modern editors have unwarrantably substituted hooks. Malone, justifying the change, observes, with great solemnity, ‘hooks are sometimes made of steel, but hoops never.’ ”
1843 col1
col1
528 hoopes]
1854 del2
del2: contra mal
528 hoopes] Delius (ed. 1854): “Die ‘Reisen von Stehl’ sind volkommen verständlich, so dass hoops nicht mit Malone to hooks umzuändern ist.” [The ‘circles of steel’ are completely clear, so that hoops need not be emended to hooks, as Malone did.]
1856 hud1
hud1 contra mal
528 hoopes] Hudson (ed. 1856): “ . . . divers modern editions have hooks instead of hoops, the reading of all the old copies. It is not easy to see what is gained by the unauthorized change. H.”
1856 sing2
sing2: supporting mal
528 hoopes] Singer (ed. 1856): “The old copies read, ‘with hoops of steel;’ but it is quite evident that it is a misprint for hooks, as the word grapple shows. Grappling-hooks is a familiar term, but who ever heard of grappling with hoops of steel! Yet this judicious correction by Malone has been called unwarrantable.”
1858 col3
col3 = col1
528 hoopes]
1861 wh1
wh1 ≈ sing2 without attribution
528 hoopes] White (ed. 1861): “Although the first 4to. has, ‘a hoope,’ and subsequent old copies, ‘hoopes of steele,’ it is far from improbable that Malone was right in his conjecture that Shakespeare wrote, ‘hooks of steel.’”
1868 c&mc
c&mc: supporting Pope
528 hoopes]
Clarke &
Clarke (ed. 1868): “The old copies print ‘hoops’ for ‘hooks.’ Pope’s correction: which seems warranted by the word ‘grapple.’”
1872 cln1
cln1 ≈ Steevens Mac.// without attribution
528 Grapple]
cln1: pope + contra pope in magenta underlined
528 hoops] Clark & Wright (ed. 1872): “Pope read ‘hooks,’ and this makes the figure suggested by ‘grapple’ the very reverse of what Shakespeare intended; for grappling with hooks is the act of an enemy and not of a friend.”
1877 v1877
v1877: mal (pope, Minsheu), Steevens, Pye, sing2, wh, cln1
528 hoopes]
1880 meik
meik ≈ cln1 Mac. //
528 Grapple] Meikeljohn (ed. 1880): “strongly bind.”
1899 ard1
ard1 = cln1 contra pope
528
1982 ard2
ard2:
528 hoopes] Jenkins (ed. 1982): “Pope’s notion that grappling implied hooks rather than hoops is a piece of 18th-century literalism ”
1987 oxf4
oxf4: Mac.
528 Grapple] Hibbard (ed. 1987): "for a similar use of this word to describe a close friendly relationship, see [Mac. 3.1.105 (1106)], ‘Grapples you to the heart and love of us.’ "
1992 Kliman
Kliman
528 Kliman (1992): It is typical of Steevens and Malone to use someone else’s idea, add a new idea, perhaps a new parallel or analogue, and then claim the whole as his own; 528 is a good example of Malone at work.The various commentators also exemplify the Shakespeare wars.
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2: xref; //
528 Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “The metaphor moves from boarding an enemy ship (Grapple, used literally at [2990-1]) to manufacturing a barrel (strengthening the wood with hoops of steel). Iago uses similar metaphors to describe his (false) friendship with Roderigo: ’I confess me knit to thy deserving with cables of perdurable toughness’ (Oth. 1.3.339-40).”