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Line 89 - Commentary Note (CN)

Commentary notes (CN):

1. SMALL CAPS Indicate editions. Notes for each commentator are divided into three parts:

In the 1st two lines of a record, when the name of the source text (the siglum) is printed in SMALL CAPS, the comment comes from an EDITION; when it is in normal font, it is derived from a book, article, ms. record or other source. We occasionally use small caps for ms. sources and for works related to editions. See bibliographies for complete information (in process).

2. How comments are related to predecessors' comments. In the second line of a record, a label "without attribution" indicates that a prior writer made the same or a similar point; such similarities do not usually indicate plagiarism because many writers do not, as a practice, indicate the sources of their glosses. We provide the designation ("standard") to indicate a gloss in common use. We use ≈ for "equivalent to" and = for "exactly alike."

3. Original comment. When the second line is blank after the writer's siglum, we are signaling that we have not seen that writer's gloss prior to that date. We welcome correction on this point.

4. Words from the play under discussion (lemmata). In the third line or lines of a record, the lemmata after the TLN (Through Line Number] are from Q2. When the difference between Q2 and the authors' lemma(ta) is significant, we include the writer's lemma(ta). When the gloss is for a whole line or lines, only the line number(s) appear. Through Line Numbers are numbers straight through a play and include stage directions. Most modern editions still use the system of starting line numbers afresh for every scene and do not assign line numbers to stage directions.

5. Bibliographic information. In the third line of the record, where we record the gloss, we provide concise bibliographic information, expanded in the bibliographies, several of which are in process.

6. References to other lines or other works. For a writer's reference to a passage elsewhere in Ham. we provide, in brackets, Through Line Numbers (TLN) from the Norton F1 (used by permission); we call these xref, i.e., cross references. We call references to Shakespearean plays other than Ham. “parallels” (//) and indicate Riverside act, scene and line number as well as TLN. We call references to non-Shakespearean works “analogues.”

7. Further information: See the Introduction for explanations of other abbreviations. Click here for more information about browsing the entries and here for more information about the special symbols used in Hamletworks. Click the question mark icon above to remove this help message.

Notes for lines 0-1017 ed. Bernice W. Kliman

For explanation of sigla, such as jen, see the editions bib.

89 And {with} <why> such dayly {cost} <Cast> of brazon Cannon	1.1.73

1605 Stow

Stow apud Srigley (which see) and from original

89 Stow (1605, p. 1436), discussing a visit from English ambassadors to the Danish court in summer 1603, describes the preparations of armaments in Denmark then and the ambassador’s admiration for them.

1773 jen

jen

89 with] Jennens (ed. 1773): “Qu’s with. Which reading will bear, otherwise pointing.”

jen

89 cost] Jennens (ed. 1773): “They might not have the art of casting cannon; if so, they consequently must buy it.”

1790- mTooke

mTooke

89 cost] tooke (ms. notes in Malone, ed. 1790): “casting of cannon.”

1872 cln1

cln1 = mTooke + xref

89 cost] Clark & Wright (ed. 1872): “casting. See line [72], and compare ‘impress.’ line [91], and ‘know’ for ‘knowing,’ the reading of the folios in [3546].”

1880 Tanger

Tanger

89 with] Tanger (1880, p. 121): Q2 “probably owing to the negligence, inattention, or criticism of the compositor”; the Q1 reading “confirms, or at least countenances, [the F1] reading.”

1891 dtn1

dtn1

89 Deighton (ed. 1891): “and why, day after day, the casting of cannon proceeds without interruption.”

1912 dtn3

dtn3 = dtn1

1917 yal1

yal1

89 cost] Crawford (ed. 1917), for cast has founding.

1931 crg1

crg1 : casting is standard; founding ≈ yal1 without attribution

89 cost] Craig (ed. 1931): “cast, casting, founding.”

1934 Wilson

Wilson MSH

89 cost] Wilson (1934, p. 150) explains the Q2 variant as one of a group of 14 “which may be labelled misreading or miscorrections with equal probability. F1 has a similar list of 18 variants. In every instance there is a close graphical resemblance between the variants.

Ed. note: The other Q2 “miscorrections” include interr’d (634), fearefull (705), and roots (710), all of which are possible choices rather than, as Wilson thinks, mistakes.

1938 parc

parc: Kellner

89 with, cost] Parrott & Craig (ed. 1938) consider with to be a printer’s error for why, which is found in both Q1 and F1, and due to the confusion of final h and final y in Elizabethan script (Kellner 199, 216). But they can rationalize the fact that Q1 and Q2 both have cost by surmising that Q2’s compositor consulted Q1 here or that both independently made the same error.

“Cast in the sense of casting is quite unusual and a misunderstanding may have caused this agreement in error between [Q1 and Q2].”

1947 cln2

cln2: standard gloss

89 cost] Rylands (ed. 1947): “cast: casting.”

1987 oxf4

oxf4 ≈ Wilson (1934) without attribution

89 cost] Hibbard (ed. 1987): the only use of cast in Sh., a noun made from a verb. Thus Q1 and Q2 unsurprisingly, change it to the more familiar cost.

2000 Edelman

Edelman

89 cost of brazen Cannon] Edelman (2000): “The very first heavy guns were cast from Brass, an alloy of copper and either zinc or tin; it was not until the eighteenth century that the latter metal was called ‘bronze.’ [ . . .] While durable, brass had the disadvantage of being both more expensive and softer than iron.”

Iron cannons had a tendency to blow apart while brazen ones gave signs (bulges) of wearing out and so were safer.

A “radically new design developed in the 1490s, when French gun-founders changed the face of European warfare by finding a way to cast brass guns of proportions calculated to disperse the shock of a large explosion over the entire assembly. Marcellus’s brazen cannon could be much smaller and lighter than anything seen up to that time, with a barrel of eight feet or less in length [ . . .].”

2006 ard3q2

ard3q2: ard2 and others [see TNM]

89 with] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “Most editors (including Jenkins, who usually favours Q2) adopt Q1/F ’why’, assuming ellipsis of ’there is’, but with makes acceptable sense.”

ard3q2 = Jen; OED; contra ard2 and others

89 cost] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “The word makes good sense in parallel with foreign mart in [90]: as Jennens explains, ’They might not have the art of casting cannon; if so, they consequently must buy it.’ But many editors (again including Jenkins) prefer F’s ’Cast’, meaning casting or manufacturing (a unique usage, according to OED).”