Line 2050 - Commentary Note (CN) 
Commentary notes (CN):
1. SMALL CAPS Indicate editions. Notes for each commentator are divided into three parts:
In the 1st two lines of a record, when the name of the source text (the siglum) is printed in SMALL CAPS, the comment comes from an EDITION; when it is in normal font, it is derived from a book, article, ms. record or other source. We occasionally use small caps for ms. sources and for works related to editions. See bibliographies for complete information (in process).
2. How comments are related to predecessors' comments. In the second line of a record, a label "without attribution" indicates that a prior writer made the same or a similar point; such similarities do not usually indicate plagiarism because many writers do not, as a practice, indicate the sources of their glosses. We provide the designation ("standard") to indicate a gloss in common use. We use ≈ for "equivalent to" and = for "exactly alike."
3. Original comment. When the second line is blank after the writer's siglum, we are signaling that we have not seen that writer's gloss prior to that date. We welcome correction on this point.
4. Words from the play under discussion (lemmata). In the third line or lines of a record, the lemmata after the TLN (Through Line Number] are from Q2. When the difference between Q2 and the authors' lemma(ta) is significant, we include the writer's lemma(ta). When the gloss is for a whole line or lines, only the line number(s) appear. Through Line Numbers are numbers straight through a play and include stage directions. Most modern editions still use the system of starting line numbers afresh for every scene and do not assign line numbers to stage directions.
5. Bibliographic information. In the third line of the record, where we record the gloss, we provide concise bibliographic information, expanded in the bibliographies, several of which are in process.
6. References to other lines or other works. For a writer's reference to a passage elsewhere in Ham. we provide, in brackets, Through Line Numbers (TLN) from the Norton F1 (used by permission); we call these xref, i.e., cross references. We call references to Shakespearean plays other than Ham. “parallels” (//) and indicate Riverside act, scene and line number as well as TLN. We call references to non-Shakespearean works “analogues.”
7. Further information: See the Introduction for explanations of other abbreviations.
Click
here for more information about browsing the entries
and
here for more information about the special symbols
used in Hamletworks. Click the question mark icon above to remove this help message.
Notes for lines 2023-2950 ed. Frank N. Clary
| 2050 <Bapt.> The instances that second marriage moue wormwood | 3.2.182 |
|---|
1752 ANON
ANON
2050-51 Anonymous (1752, pp.32-34): <p.32> “This Observation, however satyrical and ill-natured it may seem, is nevertheless extremely just. The real and pure Passion of Love dies with the Object on which it first fixes. Altho’ second Marriages are allowable by the Laws of Society, yet they mostly are occasioned by a View of Self-Interest, or an Appetite too odious to mention. This was the Opinion of all the Ancients who reckoned second Marriages infamous, as carrying a Suspicion of Incontinency.
Valerius tells us, Book II.
Olim, quae uno matrimonio contentae fuerunt, corona pudicitiae honorabantur: multorum matrimoiorum experientiam legitimae cujujdam intemperantiae fignum credentes. For this Reason,
Aeneas, when he unexpectedly meets with
Andromache in
Epirus, puts this Question to her ‘Hectoris, Andromache, Pyrrhin’ connubia fervas?’ </p.32><p.33> which seems to reflect on her, for submitting to marry
Pyrrhus, notwithstanding she was his Slave, and entirely under his Command.
Dido, who knew what belonged to strict Modesty, when she revealed her Love for the
Trojan Prince, to her affectionate Sister, calls it a
Crime, altho’ her
Sichaeus was no more, ‘Huic, inu, forsan potui succumbere
culpae.’
And soon after wishes that Thunder might strike her to the Center if ever she violated the sacred Laws of Modesty by receiving a second Husband in her Bed and Arms. ‘Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehifcat Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad unbras, Pallentes umbras Erebi, noctemque profundam, Ante, pudor, quam te violo, aut tua jura refolvo. Ille meos, primus qui me fibi junxit, amores Abstulit: ille habeat fecum, fervatque sepulcro.’ </p.33><p.34>
“But Dido was a Woman, and her firmest Resolves soon melted into Air: Her Flame was too violent to be assuaged by the Dicates of Reason, and she took the Opportunity of a tempestuous Day to conduct the pious Hero to a gloomy Cave, and there indulged her Appetites at the Expense of her Modesty.” </p.34>
Transcribed by ECR.
1765 john1
john1
2050 instances] Johnson (ed. 1765): “motives.”
1784 ays1
ays1=john1
2050 instances] Ayscouth (ed. 1784): “The motives.”
1791- rann
rann
2050 instances] Rann (ed. 1791-): “inducements.”
1815 Becket
Becket
2050 instances] Becket (1815, 1: 52): “We should rather explain ‘instances’ by circumstances. We cannot well say, the motives that move.”
1819 cald1
cald1 ≈ rann + magenta underlined
2050 instances] Caldecott (ed. 1819): “The inducements, importunities. The verb seems to be used in much this sense in W.T.’s Discourse of Eternitie, 4to. Oxford, 1633, p.33. ‘Nay oftentimes wee instance God for such graces as we are loath to obtaine: like Saint Augustine, who prayed for continency, but not yet.’”
1826 sing1
sing1 ≈ ays1 + magenta underlined
2050 instances] Singer (ed. 1826): “Instances are motives. See note on R3 [3.2.25 (1821)], p. 78.”
1839 knt1 (nd)
knt1
2050 instances] Knight (ed. [1839] nd): “solicitations.”
1854 del2
del2
2050 instances] Delius (ed. 1854): “instances ist mehr als motives, womit die Herausgeber es erklären, = innere Antriebe.” [instances is more than motives, as editors explain it; rather instances means inner drives.]
1857 fieb
fieb ≈ Nares
2050 instances] Fiebig (ed. 1857): “Instance in this place, means pressing argument, motive, influence. The word which usually means proof, example, is even used elsewhere, with great laxity, by Shakspeare, for information.”
On this page of his scrapbook, Fish transcribes from Nares’s Glossary: “Used also for information; and in fact, with great laxity, by Shakespeare.”
1869 tsch
tsch
2050 instances] Tschischwitz (ed. 1869): “instances, Veranlassungen - dem instantia der röm. Juristen entsprechend, von instare im Sinn des Treibens, Drängens, in Bewegungsetzens.” [instances, causes—corresponding to the instantia of Roman law, from instare in the sense of driving, urging, setting in motion.]
1869 Romdahl
Romdahl ≈ sing1 (incl. R3 //)
2050 instances] Romdahl (1869, p. 33): “motives. Compare R3 [3.2.25 (1821)]. The word is by Sh. used also in other, more or less common senses.”
1872 cln1
cln1: standard +
2050 instances] Clark and Wright (ed. 1872): “Compare H5 [2.2.119 (748)]: ‘But he that temper’d thee bade thee stand up, Gave thee no instance why thou shouldst do treason.’”
1877 v1877
v1877: John, Rann without attribution
2050 instances]
Furness (ed. 1877): “
Johnson: Motives, inducements.”
1878 rlf1
rlf1: Luc. and lll //s
2048-50 wormwood] Rolfe (ed. 1878): “For the figure, cf. Luc. 893 and LLL [5.2.847 (2808)].”
rlf1:aww, R3 //s
2050 instances] Rolfe (ed. 1878): “Inducements, motive. Cf. AWW [4.1.40 (1953)]: ‘’What’s the instance?’ [3.2.25 (1821)]: ‘wanting instance,’ etc.”
1881 hud3
hud3 ≈ rann
2050 instances] Hudson (ed. 1881): “Instances for inducements.”
1889 Barnett
Barnett: H5, AYL, JC, R3 //s; xref.
2050 instances]
Barnett (1889, p. 47-8): <p.47> “the motives that lead to a second marriage. In Shakespeare the word instance has
six different meanings. 1. Motives, as here, and in
H5 [2.2.119 (748)]—‘But he . . . Gave thee no instance why thou shoudst do treason.’ 2. Proofs, as in
Ado [2.2.41 (818)]—‘they will . . . these instances.’ 3. Proverbs, as in
AYL, where the justice is ‘Full of wise . . . instances.” </p.47><p.48> [2.7.156 (1135)]. Examples, as in [4.5.162-4 (2914-6)]—‘Nature is fine . . . instances of itself After the thing it loves.’ 5. The assiduous attentions of friends, as in
JC [4.2.16 (1926)]—’But not . . . instances . . . As he hath used of old.’ 6. Grounds, for forming an opinion, as in
R3 3.2 [1821]—‘Tell him . . . without instance.’ All these meanings may be traced to the derivation in=
on, and stans,
standing, let.
something on which to stand.”
1890 irv2
irv2 = hud3
2050 instances] Symons (in Irving & Marshall, ed. 1890): “inducements.”
1899 ard1
ard1 ≈ cln1 without attribution
2050 instances] Dowden (ed. 1899): “motives, inducements, as in H5 [2.2.119 (748)].”
1904 ver
ver
2050 Verity (ed. 1904): “the motives that prompt.”
1905 rltr
rltr = 
john without attribution
2050 instances] Chambers (ed. 1905): “motives.”
1909 Rushton
Rushton: “Of Ornament,” “Revelation to the Monk”
2050 instances] Rushton (1909, p. 158): “‘A great nobleman and Councellor in this realm was secretly advised by his friend, not to use so much writing his letters in favour of every man that asked them, specially to the Judges of the Realm in cases of justice. To whom the nobleman answered, it becomes us Councellors better to use instance for our friend, than the Judges to sentence at instance: for whatsoever we do require them, it is in their choice to refuse to do, but for all that the example was ill and dangerous.’— ‘Of Ornament,’ lib. iii. chap. xxiv.
“The word instance in this passage signifies earnest solicitation, and in this sense it was used centuries before Shakespeare’s time.
“‘Trewly he prayed me with greter instaunce that I schulde Stere and also move both hys wife and his sone.’— ‘The Revelation to the Monk of Evesham.’ 1196.”
1931 crg1
crg1: standard
2050 instances] Craig (ed. 1931): “inducements, motives.”
1934 rid
rid: standard for instances
1938 parc
parc
2050 move] Parrott and Craig (ed. 1938): “induce.”
1939 kit2
kit2: standard
2050 instances] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “causes, motives.”
kit2
2050 moue] Kittredge (ed. 1939): “prompt.”
1974 evns1
evns1 ≈ kit2 for instances
2050 moue] Evans (ed. 1974): “give rise to.”
1980 pen2
pen2
2050 the instances . . . moue] Spencer (ed. 1980): “motives that lead to.”
1982 ard2
ard2: standard instances
1984 chal
chal≈ kit2 for instances
1988 bev2
bev2 = chal for instances
2050 moue] Bevington (ed. 1988): “motivate.”
1993 dent
dent: xrefs.
2050-51 Andrews (ed. 1993): “The considerations that motivate second marriage are base calculations of profit. Respects recalls 3.1.65-66 [1722]; Thrift echoes lines 68-69 [1912-13].”
2003 ShQ
Hirschfield: 2045-8 xref
2050-3 Hirschfield (2003, p. 440-41): <440> “As the Player King and Queen proclaim their love for one another, they worry over his approaching death. When the King suggests the Queen wed again, she refuses. The Player Queen’s ostentatious protest here. . . follows the logic of deferred action: as she suggests, a later event--a second wedding--testifies to a first--an earlier murder. Her next speech not only reproduces this logic but amplifies it, with the later event repeating as well as proving the first: [2050-3]. </440><441> The Queen’s intimation that remarriage duplicates murder, killing a husband not just once but twice, obeys a traumatic temporality, the structure of recurrence necessary to make a prior disaster known.”</441>
2006 ard3q2
ard3q2
2050 instances] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “reasons.”
ard3q2 ≈ bev2
2050 move] Thompson & Taylor (ed. 2006): “motivate.”
2050